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Urban Center vs. Outside in Civilization
The city walls of Babylon symbolize the divide between the urban center - where communication, food, clothing, drink, and education occur - and the outside world, where the wild, including animals, demons, monsters, and ghosts reside. This division between 'us and them' is a recurring theme in the Epic of Gilgamesh, highlighting the contrast between the civilized world and the terrifying outside. The concept of this divide is still expressed through the walls of Babylon, signifying the enduring nature of this urban center versus the outside world dynamic.