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Empire cover image

How to Value L1s, L2s, and Crypto Assets | Kyle Samani

Empire

NOTE

The Fragmentation of Standards in Modularity

The modularity space lacks a standard, with various systems like OP stack, ARB stack, Espresso, Astro, Monad, Sweet Say, Starquare, ZK Sync, and Scroll each having unique subtleties and no collaborative effort to create a common standard. This fragmentation in standards leads to unmet promises of magical user experiences, as none of the systems have delivered what they claimed. The absence of a meta standard results in a fragmented user experience, impacting composability and overall usability.

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