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Limits of Spacetime and Exploration Beyond
The concept of spacetime has limitations beyond the Planck scale, where it loses its operational meaning. Physicists have realized that spacetime cannot be the final reality as it has fundamental constraints, setting a boundary at 10 to the minus 33 centimeters where nothing smaller can exist within spacetime. This has led physicists to explore beyond spacetime in search of a more fundamental reality, discovering mathematical structures such as positive geometries like amplitude and cosmological polytopes.