The Complexity of Surveillance: Multi-Layered Control

China's surveillance system is characterized by its multi-layered and sophisticated structure, surpassing previous models like East Germany's Stasi. Unlike other dictatorships where a singular secret police agency is primarily responsible, China employs a diverse array of organizations to facilitate surveillance, leading to a system akin to 'defense in depth.' Additionally, the Communist Party retains control over these processes, relying on trusted party officials rather than standard security agents to oversee surveillance. This unique intertwining of domestic security and party bureaucracy distinguishes China's approach from that of previous regimes such as the Soviet Union and East Germany.