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Genetic Studies and Body Fatness
Genome-wide association studies aim to identify gene variants contributing to differences in body fatness. Twin studies suggest that about 75% of body fatness differences between individuals are genetic. Approximately 700-900 gene variants have been identified as linked to differences in weight. These gene variants give insight into the biological mechanisms causing differences in body fatness, with overwhelming evidence suggesting a strong link between brain development and function and body fatness. Genes associated with body fatness are primarily expressed in the brain, particularly in areas related to appetite regulation, body fat regulation, memory, learning, and emotional regulation.