Migrant Integration as a Measure of Urban Success

Assess a city's success by how quickly it integrates migrants into its economy.

• Integration Timeframe: A key indicator of a city's effectiveness is the time it takes for migrants, especially those with initially limited skills, to become fully integrated and economically productive.
• Varied Integration Rates: Integration times vary drastically across cities. Some cities see full integration within a couple of years (e.g., Hong Kong in the 60s/70s), while others may take two to three generations.
• Lengthy Adaptation: Until migrants adapt, they don't fully benefit from the city's advantages and may face rejection or discrimination.
• Economic Citizenship: The ultimate goal is for migrants to achieve full economic citizenship, contributing and participating fully in the city's economy.