Tribal Warfare and Religious Conflict for Succession

The history portrays a turbulent time with Aisha and others stirring unrest leading to Uthman's death, Ali becoming the caliph, and conflicts arising over justice. Aisha rebels against Ali due to justice disagreements, sparking a war, which also involves Muawiyah. The Battle of Siffin ensues where Ali, the epitome of a Muslim warrior, faces a challenge when Muawiyah's troops use Quran verses for protection, leading to a stalemate. Amidst the tribal warfare, the transition of the Quran from oral to written tradition raises questions about the agreement on its content among different factions.

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