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Understanding Unemployment Rates and Inflows/Outflows
Different unemployment rates measure laid-off individuals, temporary workers finishing their stint, and inflows and outflows. A high influx into unemployment, rather than layoffs, can swell the unemployment rate due to re-entrance or new entrance into the labor market. In recent recessions, initial unemployment rate increases were primarily due to new and re-entrants rather than layoffs. The most accurate indicator of an oncoming recession is when the average of unemployed inflows exceeds outflows for six months and is about two months after the recession begins.