Early in the solar system's formation, Earth was too hot for water to condense, making it puzzling how Earth ended up with so much liquid water. As Earth formed about four and a half billion years ago, the chaotic solar system led to violent collisions of dust and rock, creating massive planet-sized bodies. These collisions released immense energy, making the planets incredibly hot and molten. Earth was once a bright orange molten magma marble, posing the question of how water could have condensed on such a hot surface. The presence of liquid water on Earth is crucial for life as we know it, raising a fundamental question about the origins of life.