European colonization strategies differed in South America and North America due to the existing settlements. South America was settled by Spaniards following an elite-driven approach, while English colonization faced challenges in North America leading to self-governing institutions in places like Jamestown. Africa, with existing settlements and harsh conditions, saw an exploited relationship by Europeans. Countries like Botswana thrived post-independence due to historical ties with the British Empire, showcasing a blend of human agency, luck, and historical legacies.