Harvard's admission criteria used to be based on reading scholarly works, fostering connections with scholarly individuals, and military service experience during World War II, leading to social mobility regardless of elite background. This system allowed individuals from educated backgrounds, not necessarily elite, to rise to high positions in the government, as seen with someone who rose to a position close to the head of state for eight years under two presidents, including Ford. However, these mechanisms are now considered broken in the United States, with a call for Harvard's replacement rather than mere critique, highlighting the difficulty of creating effective systems.

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