The Great Depression can be understood through three main theories: Keynesian, Monetarist, and Austrian. Keynesian theory, attributed to John Maynard Keynes, posits that a free market does not necessarily lead to full employment. Instead, Keynes argues for government intervention to increase market demand as a solution to achieving full employment. He identifies secular stagnation as a key issue during the Great Depression, suggesting that a decline in consumer desire to purchase goods contributed significantly to the economic downturn.

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