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The challenge of succession planning and the civil service exam in China
Succession planning in China faces significant challenges, particularly in the context of the civil service exam. Historically, each dynastic cycle has led to the introduction of a new civil service exam, not due to flaws in the previous methodologies but because over time, candidates focused on exam preparation rather than acquiring the relevant knowledge and skills. This phenomenon illustrates Goodhart's Law, which posits that once a social measure becomes a target, it loses its validity as a measure of success. This ongoing struggle reflects a deeper issue in bureaucratic approaches to measuring human talent and the effectiveness of systems meant to evaluate potential bureaucrats.