The Rise of Anarchists and Bolsheviks after Russian Defeat

Defeat of the Russian June offensive resulted in political turmoil and strengthened the anti-war and anti-government movements in Petrograd. This included the nascent anarchist group, who advocated for the overthrow of the provisional government and capitalism through violence. They criticized other revolutionary parties for supporting the bourgeoisie and gained support by calling for decentralized, autonomous communes modeled after the Paris Commune.