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Embrace Broader Ethical Perspectives
The Islamic paradigm challenges the individualistic social contract by rejecting the notion that one must conform to secular liberal principles. It asserts the validity of applying the harm principle from a non-liberal perspective, emphasizing that moral and epistemic bases do not have to align with Western assumptions. The understanding of utility is transformed when considering the hereafter (akhira), suggesting that ethical frameworks must be adjusted to incorporate metaphysical beliefs that acknowledge greater existential implications. In this view, utilitarianism can be redefined through an Islamic lens to reflect a comprehensive approach to happiness and suffering that transcends immediate, secular considerations.