The Brussels effect refers to the idea that EU policies can influence other countries. When the EU sets a new standard in its single market, global companies often choose to meet those standards to access the EU market instead of maintaining fragmented supply chains. There is some anecdotal evidence of EU standards influencing hygiene, stunning, slaughter, and animal welfare practices in Brazil, Argentina, Thailand, and China. However, there is limited quantitative research on the causal mechanism and its impact. While there is general research showing cases of EU standards being voluntarily adopted by other countries for commercial benefits, there is no uniformity. A meta analysis is needed to determine the overall effect size.

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