The Evolution of Maritime Mapping: From Landmarks to Oceanic Trails

The evolution of maritime mapping showcases a significant transition from reliance on terrestrial landmarks to the introduction of oceanic trails. Initially, ancient maps primarily depicted land routes or itineraries, with early examples like the Hereford Mapa Mundi highlighting specific journeys such as the exodus of the Hebrews, though these were rare standalone cases. In the ancient world, navigators depended on well-known coastal routes and verbal or textual instructions detailing encounters along the journey. The need for detailed mapping of maritime voyages arose only in the early 16th century, marking a turning point where maps began to feature clear lines indicating specific routes across open water, redefining navigation and exploration during this period.