What Plato’s Republic Has to Say About Being a Man
The Art of Manliness
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The Greek Ideal of Manliness: Rooted in Cowardice?
Socrates attracted young men like Glaucon and Alcibiades due to his fame as a warrior, which was detailed in an article called 'Socrates as Hoplight'. However, Socrates' idea of manliness differed from the classical Greek ideal, which was rooted in cowardice. Greek manliness was based on the fear of disrepute and shame, as seen in the example of Hector from Homer's 'Iliad' who chose to face Achilles in battle rather than be called a coward. This fear of shame was a major driving force behind ancient Greek courage, especially evident in Sparta where cowardice was severely punished.
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