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Dr. Barry Eichengreen & Joseph Wang on Dollar Dominance, “Problematic” Levels of Government Debt, Modern Monetary Theory (MMT), and Central Bank Digital Currencies

Forward Guidance

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Balancing the Budget and Crowding Out Theory

The United States is considered a low tax economy by advanced country OECD standards. Mainstream economists are concerned about fiscal dominance where large budget deficits could lead the central bank to monetize the debt. The Federal Reserve controls inflation and growth through interest rates and balance sheets, which could result in higher interest rates if they do not monetize the debt. There is a belief in monetary modern theory that rejects the crowding out theory, suggesting that increased government debt would not hinder the private sector's ability to finance itself.

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