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The Essence of Particles in Quantum Field Theory
In quantum field theory, the world is not made of particles or discrete lumps of energy, but of fields with wave functions. The discreteness and lumpiness of the world arise from how it behaves due to quantized fields. Particles are defined as vibrations in quantum fields, where applying the rules of quantum mechanics to fields results in solutions that mimic particles, much like discrete orbitals that electrons form in an atom.