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The Transformation of Roman Warfare and Aristocratic Ambitions
In the middle and later decades of the 5th century, Roman society experienced a shift towards actively defending territory, seizing land, and focusing on landownership for wealth. This change was driven by an economic transformation that valued land as a key commodity. Romans began settling and developing seized territories for economic gain, with legal texts reflecting the increasing importance of land ownership and distribution. The aristocracy transitioned from valuing portable wealth to prioritizing land ownership, leading to the emergence of aristocratic villas in the archaeological record. This shift towards land-based wealth aligned the state's interests in acquiring and defending territory with the aristocracy's goals, creating an effective partnership in expanding Roman territory and consolidating power.