High rung thinking and low rung thinking exist on a spectrum of individual and collective intelligence. In high rung thinking, individuals value truth, are open to changing their minds, and encourage disagreement. Echo chamber culture, on the other hand, involves low rung thinking where individuals refuse to change their beliefs, punish dissenters, and seek confirmation bias. These individual thinking styles have emergent properties: a collective high rung thinking culture creates a super brain called a genie, while a collective echo chamber culture creates a mindless and tribalistic giant called a golem. Both have their utilities, but it's important to understand the dangers of the golem and the benefits of high rung thinking.

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