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The Different Flavors of Dollars
There is a spectrum of dollars, ranging from paper dollars in your pocket to liabilities of the Federal Reserve system or a bank. Euro dollars, on the other hand, are dollar-denominated liabilities of non-US banks. They have been around for a while, commonly used in correspondent banking. Euro dollars are unique because they are dollar-denominated deposits that have an offshore asset side, making them disconnected from the US financial system. In summary, euro dollars form a complementary but distinct financial system from the US.