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Is the Plough a Tool?
Grain was surplus before, but not as much as when you could roke crop grain and then be able to store huge amounts of calory for a longer period. Both led to population booms and people depending upon their own surplus more than depending on cycles of nature. And then exchange increased, and all the things that we think of as because of the exchange,. You got increased specialization and division of labour and like that; also the emergence of class systems in radical kind of wealth and equality. Then, of course, as there's more surplus and there's private ownership of that surplus, then there's inheritance. And then with inheritance becomes the need for things like whatever, institutional monogamy