Popular diets like the carnivore diet, keto diet, low-fat vegan diet, and calorie counting are found to be highly restrictive. Restrictive diets, particularly those high in animal fats and low in fiber, are difficult to maintain and can negatively impact health. Diets high in added sugar and refined grains are also considered harmful due to excess calories and poor metabolic effects. Consensus exists among various diets to reduce added sugar and refined grains for heart health. Diets such as keto, paleo, and Atkins rank the lowest in terms of heart-healthy guidelines according to a published American Heart Association overview. Making significant changes in diet can lead to noticeable health improvements within four to eight weeks, including changes in cholesterol, blood glucose, inflammatory markers, and the microbiome. However, sustaining drastic changes in the long term can be challenging. A gradual approach, such as removing a few unhealthy habits and adopting more beneficial ones, is recommended for long-term success in maintaining health and weight loss.

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