Exploring the Definitions of Urban Ecology

Urban ecology can be defined in multiple ways. The first approach focuses on quantifying specific facets of the urban environment using a systems-based, science-based, and data-driven approach. The second approach emphasizes close observation of nature within cities, dating back to the 19th century. The third approach applies Marxist theory to understand the production of urban space, including the dynamics of capital and water. The fourth approach, called the ecological plural verse, explores the coexistence of human and non-human entities in urban spaces, incorporating indigenous knowledge and alternative perspectives. Urban ecology is a complex and ever-evolving concept that challenges traditional definitions.