The speaker argues that the assessment of utility in our choices is inherently partial, and there is no fully objective outside viewpoint. They use the example of aliens coming to Earth who could create a better world for everyone, but most utilitarians would not sign up to fight with the aliens, despite their moral theory. However, the speaker would be willing to side with the aliens if their calculations showed that it would produce more happiness and well-being for all. They prioritize the universal good and maximizing happiness over loyalty to their own species. The question of whether there is a common metric or universal good is left unanswered.
Peter Singer is one of the world’s most influential living philosophers, whose ideas have motivated millions of people to change how they eat, how they give, and how they interact with each other and the natural world.
Peter joined Tyler to discuss whether utilitarianism is only tractable at the margin, how Peter thinks about the meat-eater problem, why he might side with aliens over humans, at what margins he would police nature, the utilitarian approach to secularism and abortion, what he’s learned producing the Journal of Controversial Ideas, what he’d change about the current Effective Altruism movement, where Derek Parfit went wrong, to what extent we should respect the wishes of the dead, why professional philosophy is so boring, his advice on how to enjoy our lives, what he’ll be doing after retiring from teaching, and more.
Read a full transcript enhanced with helpful links, or watch the full video.
Recorded May 25th, 2023
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Photo credit: Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek