Unspoken Family Histories of Violence and Atrocities During Partition

Families often do not talk about the brutal behaviors and atrocities that occurred during the Partition, leading to a hidden shame. The violence found outlet in terrible brutality, involving murder and other heinous acts. Unlike the Holocaust, in Partition, it's challenging to distinguish between good and bad actors as there were victims and perpetrators on all sides. The number of people affected by Partition is estimated at 10 to 12 million, with around a million killed. Official estimates suggest 75,000 women were raped, abducted, or forced to convert, resulting in families torn apart and complex legacies for generations.