Shorter work hours for medical residents, such as the 14 or 16 hour shifts practiced in countries like France, Sweden, and New Zealand, do not compromise the quality of training or continuity of patient care. In fact, these nations rank significantly higher in global healthcare metrics compared to the United States, indicating that longer shifts are not essential for developing competent doctors. Despite pushback in the medical community regarding this shift in practice, awareness and education on the impact of sleep—akin to the historical understanding of smoking—are crucial. There's a pressing need to communicate the evidence surrounding the effects of long working hours on residents' performance and patient outcomes, with an emphasis on advocacy and public awareness regarding the science of sleep and health.