Extreme optimism and extreme pessimism both foster a sense of passivity and inaction, as they lead individuals to overlook their agency in shaping the future. While extreme optimism results in believing that no action is necessary, extreme pessimism leads to the belief that no action can make a difference. A more productive stance involves moderate optimism and moderate pessimism, which acknowledges the possibility of positive changes and encourages individuals to take actionable steps towards building a desired future.

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