Innovations and Trade in the Indus Valley Civilization

The cities in the Indus Valley Civilization had advanced features like baked brick buildings, drainage, water supply systems, possibly temples and workshops. They used standardized weights, constructed large canals, and docks. Evidence suggests trade by sea with Mesopotamia, Sumer, and Arcadia. Artifacts were found in distant lands like Oman, Bahrain, and Iraq. The civilization may have pioneered elephant capture and training, evident from carved seals dating back to 6000 BC. Elephants were already commonly used for heavy loads in construction by the time of the first texts in India.

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