Tactics for Defeating Army Ambushes and Ill-Advised Counterattacks

Close combat requires the use of edge weapons such as the Roman Gladius or pike. However, some opponents don't play fair and attack from a distance, causing chaos and prompting ill-advised counterattacks. This tactic has led to the defeat of many armies throughout history, like the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. To defeat such armies, effective coordination between cavalry and infantry is necessary. Manuals from various civilizations provide guidance on positioning and maintaining discipline. Another option is to hire nomadic warriors for the fight.