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Understanding Peptides and Their Pleotropic Effects
Peptides are small proteins composed of chains of amino acids, ranging from two to fifty amino acids in length, or even up to 100 amino acids. When peptides combine, they form polypeptides, which are common in the body. Peptides have various roles in the body, acting as hormones, neuromodulators, or with multiple functions. Most peptides have pleotropic effects, meaning they impact numerous cellular activities across different cell types and organ systems. Peptides bind to cell receptors, triggering a cascade of processes that lead to diverse effects, making them challenging to predict and manage in therapeutic use. While peptides can target specific pathways for desired outcomes like healing or increased growth hormone, they inevitably activate multiple pathways simultaneously, making it crucial to consider potential side effects, dosage adjustments, and treatment duration when using therapeutic peptides.