Explaining Ukraine cover image

Timothy Garton Ash on how Ukraine is changing Europe

Explaining Ukraine

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Challenges and Despair in the 1970s

The early 1970s were marked by various challenges and despair across different countries. New York faced bankruptcy, France and Germany saw the end of a long period of economic growth, Spain, Portugal, and Greece were under fascist dictatorships, and the Soviet bloc was undergoing normalization after the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. Even influential figures like Václav Havel experienced hopelessness during this period.

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