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The Effects of Breakfast on Ghrelin Levels
The study compares circadian phases and alignment conditions, focusing on the effect of breakfast and dinner on hunger and ghrelin levels. It reveals that circadian misalignment and morning vs. evening comparisons have significant impacts on ghrelin levels, independent of the behavioral cycle. This supports the notion that hunger and appetite are influenced by endogenous circadian factors rather than just behavioral patterns. The research demonstrates that physiological processes controlled by the circadian system can affect glucose tolerance, subjective hunger, and levels of ghrelin, highlighting the importance of internal rhythms in regulating these processes.