AMA | May 2024
Sean Carroll's Mindscape: Science, Society, Philosophy, Culture, Arts, and Ideas
Discrete Energy States in Quantum Fields
In quantum fields, there exist a discrete set of higher energy states and orbitals despite the underlying continuous wave nature. Electrons tend to occupy lower energy states with definite shapes. Similar to plucking a violin string, quantum fields have vibrations with definite energies forming a discrete set. These discrete energy levels of quantum fields exhibit particle-like properties, including a minimum energy state interpreted as empty space and one quantum worth of energy resembling a single particle state.
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