In biology, most functions are not linear but can be either used or inverted. Fitness shows a direct correlation where the more fit you are, the longer you live. However, with autophagy, it follows a Goldilocks principle where the right amount is crucial. Autophagy is triggered by a reduction in nutrients, commonly achieved through fasting. The timing for optimal autophagy activation in humans is uncertain. On a cellular level, exercise induces an energy deficit that stimulates autophagy. Therefore, exercise and fasting are vital tools for enhancing autophagy. There are pharmacological interventions, but their effectiveness in humans remains uncertain.
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Peter Attia, MD, is the founder of Early Medical, a medical practice that applies the principles of Medicine 3.0 to patients with the goal of lengthening their lifespan and simultaneously improving their healthspan.
He is the host of The Drive, one of the most popular podcasts covering the topics of health and medicine.
He is also the author of the #1 New York Times Bestseller, Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity.
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