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Harnessing Industry: The Art of State Building
The United States is actively pursuing a strategy of industrial policy to guide investment into crucial sectors like chip manufacturing and electric vehicles, recognizing that private investment alone is insufficient. By implementing subsidies, the government aims to create a favorable investment climate, essentially picking 'winners' in the economy. This approach echoes the historical efforts of poorer nations, which also sought to channel investments through government intervention. However, just as those countries faced challenges with government capacity and institutional frameworks during their industrialization periods, the US also struggles with limited administrative capacity outside of defense. This reflects a broader challenge of effectively managing and holding firms accountable within an industrial policy framework, crucial for ensuring that targeted investments yield productive outcomes.