In the 1950s, the wealthy sent their sons to Harvard based on family ties. However, meritocracy was introduced to create a more inclusive and capable elite. This worked initially, but the new elite started investing heavily in their children's education, creating a growing gap with the middle class. The nature of work also changed to favor elite education. This created a cycle where a narrow group monopolizes top schools and jobs, perpetuating social stratification. The system resembles an aristocracy based on schooling, which is neither open nor fair.