The key principles discussed include: 1. Leadership starts with understanding your own default settings, strengths, and blind spots, in order to build a high-performing team. 2. Speaking up about unstated problems is crucial for moving conversations, projects, and companies forward. 3. Distinguishing between leadership and management as distinct skill sets, with leadership focusing on vision and values while management is about organizing and achieving goals. 4. Learning both skill sets is essential to avoid hitting a career ceiling. 5. Recognizing which skill set to apply in various situations is vital for effective leadership. 6. Developing a structured operating system like OKRs can enhance organizational efficiency and agility, facilitating work done at various levels of a company.