The Five Levels of Autonomy

Level four autonomy is where we are now, with full autonomy and no expectation for a human to intervene, but still with limitations such as not being able to handle extreme weather conditions like heavy snow. Level five is the ultimate goal, allowing for autonomy anywhere, anytime. Levels two and three require clear communication and expectations for the driver, as they involve the need for the human driver to be ready to take over quickly. The difference between levels three and four is significant, akin to the contrast between driving and flying, where level four offers a much higher level of assurance and less need for immediate human intervention.

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