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Glucose Levels: Understanding Normal Variation
Pre-diabetes is diagnosed using standardized tests like the glucose tolerance test, where a two-hour glucose level of 7.8 mmol/L or higher indicates a potential problem. However, it is crucial to understand that experiencing a glucose spike to this level after consuming carbohydrates, such as toast, is normal as long as glucose levels return to baseline. Misunderstandings arise from marketing claims about continuous glucose monitors (CGM), leading people to erroneously pathologize glucose levels rather than recognizing their normal physiological functions. Both glucose and cortisol serve essential roles in the body and should not be labeled simply as good or bad. Personal experimentation with CGM demonstrates that foods perceived as healthy, like an apple, can spike blood sugar more than higher-calorie, high-fat foods, such as a chicken wing. This highlights the importance of context in understanding glucose spikes and cautions against making broad dietary judgments based solely on glucose responses.