Economy Watch

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news Wall Street is reassessing its valuation basics, and there is a general pullback across the board. It started with questions about an AI valuation bubble, but is extending to others now. "Risk-off" is the mood today.But first, yesterday's reporting of China's official PMIs for January all took a step lower, now recording virtually no expansion. This was weaker than expected. Their factory PMI fell into a contraction state (49.1), while their services PMI retreated to only a weak expansion (50.2). It wasn't the result policymakers there would have wanted given they have been trying to stimulate their economy for more than three months now. It that effort is working, the core must have been quite compromised.Chinese industrial profits were reported to be -3.3% lower in the year to December than the same period in 2023. But perhaps there are some reason to be positive for December alone, they were +7.0% higher than the same month a year ago - and that might have been their best December on record. Hard to tell how much Beijing stimulus was part of that late effort however. However, the January PMIs probably mean they have got off to a weak start in 2025.China's tax take grew +1.3% in 2024 following a 6.4% rise in 2023. The sharp slowing followed slowing domestic demand and a slump in their property market, all consistent with the overall economic challenges they have.Bloomberg is pointing out that current commercial real estate activity in Hong Kong is crystalising some very large losses. This re-rating will have loud echoes in many places. It is one of Hong Kong's worst slumps in history, with no end in sight. Average prices of office buildings, shopping malls and other properties have fallen more than 40% from their highs in 2018, eroding the value of the collateral backing many bank loans. Defaults are also rising as more property owners and developers run into severe cash flow difficulties.None of these China-based news data items will be helping the Spring Festival mood in the business sector.In the US, the Dallas Fed's Texas manufacturing survey picked up pace in January to its highest since October 2021. New orders hit their highest since April 2022, while capacity utilisation and shipments also rose.Meanwhile, there was also a rise in new home sales in the US in December, taking them back to mid-range for any 2024 month.And the Chicago Fed's National Activity index improved in December. All this gritting economic activity bodes well for the 2024-Q4 GDP result due out on Friday.The UST 10yr yield is lower at 4.53%, down -9 bps from yesterday at this time. Wall Street is down sharply today with the S&P500 down -2.0% to start its week. The price of gold will start today at US$2733/oz and down -US$37 from yesterday.Oil prices are down -US$2 at just over US$72.50/bbl in the US and the international Brent price is now under US$76.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is now at 56.8 USc and down -30 bps from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 90.5 AUc. Against the euro we are down -20 bps at 54.2 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today just on 67.1, and down -30 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$99,190 and down -5.5% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been high at +/- 3.8%.You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news that we will be watching for China holiday demand signals, and watching how the US Fed handles new sharp political interference.Also, this week will bring a slew of big economic announcements in many places, but not China which is starting its Lunar New Year week-long holiday after their PMI data is released (later today). Elsewhere it will be a big week of central bank policy reviews, capped by the US Fed, although they are expected to deliver no rate change. However both Canada and the ECB are expected to cut rates by -25 bps. Sweden (-25 bps?) and Brazil (no-change?) will also be meeting.We will also get GDP results for the US (+3%?) and many key countries in the EU. Australia will release its Q4 CPI result. And of course the Wall Street earnings season results will continue.But first, the early 'flash' release of the globally-benchmarked S&P/Markit PMI for the US for January shows that their factory sector is back expanding with a small gain to a 7-month high. But there was a notable pullback in their services sector, still expanding but quite a bit slower than in December. So the composite PMI is at a nine-month low. (In January 2024 is was even, neither expanding nor contracting. In January 2023 is was contracting.)US existing home sales were up +2.2% in December from November to an annualised rate of 4.38 mln units, the most since February 2024 and despite mortgage interest rates over 7%. But in a long term perspective, this level is still very low, similar to what they had in the mid-1990sThere was an update to the University of Michigan sentiment survey for January out over the weekend, and it was revised lower. But the inflation tracking in this survey was unchanged at 3.3%, an eight month high.Across the Pacific, Japanese inflation jumped to 3.6% in December from 2.9% in the November, the highest level since January 2023 and well above the 3.2% level expected. Food prices were a notable driver, up 6.4%. Their core inflation rate climbed to a 16-month high of 3%, in line with market estimates.This bolstered the case for the Bank of Japan to raise its policy by +25 bps to 0.5% at their review on Friday, and that is exactly what they did.Meanwhile the Japanese factory PMI contracted a bit more in January than the very minor contraction in December. But their services PMI expanded more in January than in December, and by much more than expected.Singapore's central bank loosened its monetary policy on Friday, it’s first such move in more than four years. Rather than interest rates, their monetary policy centers on exchange rates, via the S$NEER, allowing the Singapore dollar to rise or fall against the currencies of major trading partners to stabilise prices.In China, we should remind readers that their week-long 'Spring Festival' holiday will start tomorrow, Tuesday, January 28 and run until Monday, February 3, 2025. Only after that will they be back to normal. Chinese New Year is on Wednesday January 29, which ushers in the Year of the Snake.In India, their January PMIs show 2025 beginning with the private sector slowing and services losing steam. Having noted that, the expansion there is still very strong. But inflation pressure, especially in their services sector, is rising, suggesting growth at this level is creating distortions which will take the edge off it for most people.In Europe, their January PMIs showed they "returned to growth". That came with the combination of their factory sector contracting less and their services sector expanding more.Australia's factory PMI contracted noticeably less in January, and now is barely contracting at all. New orders rose, but prices rose faster too. Their service sector however expanded at a slower pace in the month.And staying in Australia, Westpac is pointing out that tax cuts there are not boosting consumer spending in the way expected. Three quarters of these cuts are being used by households to either pay down debt or increase savings.The UST 10yr yield has held 4.62% unchanged from Saturday at this time. Reporting of Wall Street's Q4 earnings is well under way and is off to a strong start. Both the percentage of S&P 500 companies reporting positive earnings surprises and the magnitude of earnings surprises are above their 10-year averages. As a result, the index is reporting higher earnings for the fourth quarter today relative to the end of last week and relative to the end of the quarter. In addition, the index is reporting its highest year-over-year earnings growth rate for Q4 2024 in three years. So it is no surprise that the S&P500 is near its record high.The price of gold will start today at US$2771/oz and down -US$5 from Saturday, but up +US$55 for the week.Oil prices are holding at just over US$74.50/bbl in the US and the international Brent price is now under US$78.50/bbl.The Kiwi dollar is now at 57.1 USc and down -10 bps from this time Saturday but still near a one month high. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 90.5 AUc. Against the euro we are also unchanged at 54.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today just on 67.4, the same as they were on Saturday, but up +60 bps for the week.The bitcoin price starts today at US$104,928 and down -1.4% from this time Saturday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been quite low at +/- 0.5%.Monday is the Auckland Anniversary holiday and most businesses in the northern half of the North Island are closed. It is also Australia Day. You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news we are living in a new world of imposed distortions. Ethical politics or business dealing is out the window. Trust is being replaced by force. It is hard to see how this will end well. After all, business relies on trust, honesty and integrity. Without it, why would you make a deal? The result can only be higher risk premiums.First, the annual Davos meetings are underway, and today they were dominated by US Presidential bluster where we claimed he would force interest rates down, force the oil price down, and force other countries to "put America First". He also threatened any country who challenged the American FANGs with taxes on their activities in their own countries. Billionaires don't see the need to pay taxes - their fair share, or any share - to anyone.US jobless claims fell back sharply from last week's big seasonal increase. But the fall was not as much as seasonal factors would have anticipated. On a seasonally-adjusted basis they rose. There are now 2.24 mln people on these benefits, which is actually the highest since the last Trump Administration. (Interestingly, the new US-DOL leadership 'hid' this data, shifting it to a 'new' location.)In the regions, the December factory survey from the Kansas City Fed revealed a further contraction. New order levels were low, and despite improved manager sentiment, they actually don't expect new order levels to rise much.In Canada, retail sales rose much more than expected in December, their best December rise since 2019, and the biggest any-month gain since May.Japan said its exports rose +2.8% in December from a year ago, meaning that eleven of the past twelve months recorded export growth. Only nine of the past twelve recorded import growth.And all eyes turn to the Bank of Japan and their expected +25 bps rate hike, later today.A rise in South Korean business sentiment in January comes after authorities there reported a quite soft Q4-2024 GDP growth outcome.Singapore's CPI inflation was up +1.6% in December, the same as November and slightly more than the +1.5% expected.Taiwanese retail sales rose +2.9% in December with a modest performance. But Taiwanese industrial production surged +20% in December from the same month a year ago which itself wasn't especially soft.In China, they are directing insurers to buy equities, a move designed to put a floor under the pressure on those markets.After 'peaking' in October at their long-run average, the EU consumer sentiment survey has slipped to be more net-negative since. But the latest January 2025 survey essentially held the December level to be almost 2 percentage points better than year-ago levels.In Turkey, their central bank claimed overnight that inflation there is under control at 44% and heading in the right direction. So it cut 2.5% from its policy interest rate taking that benchmark down to 45%.Driven by rates out of China, container shipping freight rates fell a sharpish -11% last week, although they are still 140% higher than pre-pandemic levels. The Baltic Dry index for bulk cargoes fell a sharp -16% in the past week, now at the very lower end of its long-run average level since 1969.The UST 10yr yield is up at 4.65% with a +4 bps rise from this time yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$2757/oz and down -US$1 from yesterday.Oil prices are down down -US$1 at just over US$75.50/bbl in the US and the international Brent price is now under US$78.50.The Kiwi dollar is now on 56.8 USc and up +20 bps from this time yesterday and more than a one month high. Against the Aussie we basically unchanged at 90.3 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 54.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today just on 67.2 and also essentially unchanged from yesterday. A fall against the Yen offset the USD rise.The bitcoin price starts today at US$106,275 and up +2.6% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate at +/- 2.8%.Monday is the Auckland Anniversary holiday, and Australia Day, so the newsflow will be light. But we will have continuing regular service on Monday.You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Tuesday – Monday is a public holiday in much of New Zealand.

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the the cost of the Trump capricious bulldozing is going to be much higher interest rates - and the bond market have a key signal today.But first, US mortgage applications were virtually unchanged last week, up only +0.1% to be +2% higher than the same weak week a year ago. Mortgage interest rates eased very slightly but they are still above 7% so a six month high. No sign here that some political enthusiasm in part of their community extends to the residential real estate sector.And the current US retail impulse extended its more modest tone last week, up +4.5% from the same week a year ag, basically holding last week's pullback. This expansion level is near the bottom of the range compared to all weeks in 2024.And also falling back post-election is the Conference Board's Leading Index survey tracking series for December. It actually is quite a big move from November.The bond market got another chance to price long term US Treasury yields, again in the shadow of federal debt authorisation stress. This morning's tender for the UST 20 year bond was again well supported but that showed a sharp rise in the median yield at 4.86%. This was notably higher than the 4.62% at the also well-supported prior equivalent event a month ago. And it is a shift that will undoubtedly move the secondary market later today. The bond markets are worried.Uncertainty is at the heart of what the Whitehouse is doing. Yesterday, the President announced a US$500 bln AI initiative to be funded by billionaires. Today, it seems clear that the project "might" be US$100 bln, but then one of the billionaires, Elon Musk, said none of them have the funds for the announced initiative.Meanwhile, Canadian producer prices rose less than expected in December from November, but it still means Canadian PPI is +4.1% higher than year ago levels.Korean consumer confidence took a hiding in December in the midst of their political crisis (one that is still playing out). But the latest survey has consumer sentiment bouncing back - not quite to the pre-crisis levels (and still net negative) - but a notable recovery anyway. We will get their updated survey of business sentiment later today.In Australia, they are getting a small uptick in economic activity. While the growth signal from the Westpac-Melbourne Institute Leading Economic Index is not particularly strong, it has shown a clear improvement from the persistently negative, below-trend reads recorded over the previous two years.And staying in Australia, new data out today for the September 2024 quarter shows that residential dwelling construction is rising. New dwellings commenced rose in Q3 from Q2 at an annualised rate of +4.2%, driven by new house building, up +5.2%. Overall these dwelling starts were almost +14% higher in Q3-2024 than in Q3-2023. But their rental market "has well and truly past the peak". Real estate offices that specialise in the rental market are hurting now. Overall inventory for sale is up sharply and investors are quitting, especially in Victoria. A lot of the investor sales are to FHBs there.And we should probably note that today the prices of many commodities are falling and under pressure from building economic uncertainty.The UST 10yr yield was at just on 4.61% prior to the US Treasury tender, and up +3 bps from this time yesterday. The price of gold will start today at US$2758/oz and up +US$10 from yesterday.Oil prices are down another -50 USc at just over US$75.50/bbl in the US and the international Brent price is now just on US$79.The Kiwi dollar is now under 56.6 USc and little-changed from this time yesterday and holding its recent gain. Against the Aussie we also unchanged at 90.3 AUc. Against the euro we are up +10 bps at 54.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today just under 67.2 and up +20 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$103,539 and down -1.7% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at +/- 1.9%.You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the dominated by Trump's shows of 'power' and theatrics. Toxic tech-bro masculinity is on full display. Senior female leaders are getting the chop or side-lined. But so far, also backtracks on trade threats. So we will stand back to await any real impacts.But first up today, there was another full dairy auction today and it was a modestly positive one, although volumes sold were seasonally lower, the least since July 2024. Overall prices rose +1.4% from the last full auction two weeks ago, and perhaps the detail is more interesting than the overall result. WMP was up +5.0%, SMP was up +2.0%, and both butter and cheddar cheese had better than +2% rises from that last full auction. That takes the WMP price to its highest since June 2022. Stronger demand from China is part of the reason for today's rise, but better demand out of Europe helped too. In NZD terms, overall prices were up only +1.0% as the NZD rose and is higher than two weeks ago.From the US, the flurry of Presidential executive orders is creating an opening for China to lead some key global initiatives, from health and the WHO, to climate change. While the US is becoming more isolationist, China is finding openings to be less so. The world's power blocs are getting new boundaries.In Canada, their December CPI data brought few surprises, up 1.8% when a 1.9% rise was expected. But overall December prices actually fell from November and by slightly more than anticipated. Some sales tax relief had a part to play as well. With this result, inflation remained within or below the Bank of Canada’s midpoint target 2% for the fifth consecutive month, adding to current expectations of further rate cuts this year. They next review that official rate on Thursday next week NZT and their current rate is 3.25%. But trade relations with their suddenly unfriendly southern neighbour will dominate how they approach this.In China, 15 of their 31 regional governments have set growth targets for 2025 less than they had for 2024. Only one raised its target. Basically soft domestic demand and an uncertain global trade outlook is motivating the pullbacks.In Germany, any green shoots they may have been seeing have been snuffed out by households in defensive mode. The ZEW Indicator of Economic Sentiment fell in January from December, and by more than expected as inflationary pressure perceptions persist. But to be fair, this sentiment index is still positive, and has been since October, just less so.Later this morning, we will get the December REINZ results, and the Q4-2024 New Zealand inflation result. The RBNZ's February 19 OCR review will be influenced by that.The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 4.58%, and unchanged from this time yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$2740/oz and up +US$33 from yesterday.Oil prices are unchanged at just over US$76.50/bbl in the US although the international Brent price is down -50 USc to now just on US$79.50.The Kiwi dollar starts today just under 56.6 USc and unchanged from this time yesterday and holding its recent gain. Against the Aussie we unchanged at 90.4 AUc. Against the euro we are also unchanged at 54.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today just on 67.1 and again unchanged from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$105,307 and down -1.3% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been high at +/- 3.3%.You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Tuesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the US is today moving from a prosperous and strong four years into an unknown future; the age where billionaires get all the gains. Markets are showing caution, especially the bond market which is likely to be the most reliable predictor of what is to come. And the USD fell. It is all very fluid.And in the US, it seems the 'promise' of immediate tariffs on his first day in office isn't going to happen. The Trump team now says it plans to direct federal agencies to study trade relations with China and other countries without imposing new tariffs on his first day in office. But the tariff uncertainties and their threats to inflation control remain.One thing he did re-promise in his speech today is war with Panama, committing to seize the Panama Canal. (Almost certainly, that will start work on a wider, more efficient alternative canal in another country.)In Canada and in a central bank survey of firms taken in mid-November, after the Trump victory and before the Trudeau resignation, Canadian businesses were girding for a rocky relationship with the US marked by higher costs and new tariffs. But they were seeing improved demand. And if they can navigate the new US policies, they seem confident businesses there will improve.Across the Pacific, Japanese released machinery order data yesterday for November and that brought a much stronger result than expected. Excluding volatile items like ships and power companies, they rose +9.5% from the same month a year ago to a nine month high. And for the first time in more than a year, that propelled the annual levels to a small +1.2% gain. The recent strength comes on top of a good result for October as well.China held its loan prime rates unchanged yesterday at its January review. The one year LPR, the benchmark for most corporate and household loans, remains at a record low 3.10% and their 5 year, the benchmark for mortgages, stays at a record low 3.60%.In Australia, and following its pull-out of personal banking in New Zealand, HSBC is said to be considering doing the same there for its much larger retail banking operation.The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 4.58%, and down -4 bps from this time yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$2707/oz and up +US$5 from yesterday.Oil prices are down -US$1.50 at just over US$76.50/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is now just under US$80.The Kiwi dollar starts today just under 56.6 USc and up +70 bps from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we up +30 bps at 90.4 AUc. Against the euro we are unchanged at 54.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today just on 67.1 and up +30 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$106,643 and up +1.9% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been very high at +/- 4.8%.You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Monday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the world seems to be bracing for the uncertainties of the incoming US Administration, but it is starting from a generally resilient position (although that doesn't seem to include New Zealand).But first, the week ahead will be dominated locally by our Q4 CPI release. Markets expect a 2.1% year-on-year rate, only marginally less than the Q3 rate of 2.2%. We will also get another full dairy auction on Wednesday too. The REINZ will release its December data sometime, maybe Tuesday. And we can expect other banks to react to ASB's home loan rate reductions.Elsewhere, there will be more PMI releases, GDP releases for South Korea and Taiwan, and rate decisions from Norway, Turkey, Malaysia, and the big one from Japan at the end of the week. Data out of Australia will be minor this coming week. But all the while, important earnings reports will flow on Wall StreetOver the weekend, China said new home prices in 70 cities dropped by an average -5.3% in December from a year ago, slowing from a -5.7% decline in the previous month. This was the softest fall since August but is the 18th consecutive month of decreases. "Second hand home" prices fell faster, and there were no cities where prices rose. The string of decreases come despite efforts from Beijing to reduce the impacts of a prolonged property weakness, efforts such as lowering mortgage rates and cutting home buying costs.China released data that showed electricity production was only up +0.6% from a year ago in December. For the whole of 2024 the rise was +4.6%. The year ended weakly with neither November nor December rising more than +1%. This is a telling indicator of real activity. (This is the metric then-to-be Premier Li Keqiang famously referred to after dismissing their GDP results.)But they said industrial production was up +6.2% in December. Retail sales were up +3.7%. And through all this they claimed Q4-2024 GDP rose +5.4% and its fastest pace of the year. Frankly, that is hard to see based on the components that make it up. Apparently it is based on export growth, but as good as that is, it is hard to see that behind the claimed growth. But the links here, plus this one, and they should be enough to inspect their data and for you to make your own judgement.Singapore’s exports surged +9% in December from the same month a year ago, after a +3.4% gain in November. This exceeded the +7.4% rise in November and is the fastest pace in export growth since August. A key driver is a sharp rebound in non-electronic product sales.Globally, the January update of the IMF's World Economic Outlook estimated global growth to be +3.3% in 2025, a slight increase from the 3.2% forecast in October. The rise was driven by the US which offset downgrades in other major economies. Growth for 2026 is also expected at 3.3%, unchanged from the previous projection.They say the US faces upside risks that could bolster growth in the near term, but other nations remain exposed to downside risks amid heightened policy uncertainty. The US economy is now forecast to grow by 2.7% in 2025 (vs 2.2% in October), and China's GDP growth was revised slightly higher to 4.6% (vs 4.5%).Conversely, the Euro Area's growth projection was downgraded to 1% (vs 1.2%), while Japan's growth forecast remains steady at 1.1%. Projections for India’s GDP growth were maintained at 6.5%. Australia is expected to grow +2.1% in 2025 and +2.2% in 2026. New Zealand doesn't get a mention in these forecasts.Underscoring the US growth upgrade, American housing starts surged by almost +16% from the previous month to an annualised rate of 1.5 mln units in December, the most since March 2021 and well above the expected 1.32 mln level.And industrial production in the US was up an outsized +0.9% in December and well above the +0.3% expected rise to the strongest increase since February. It was helped by the end of strikes, and a jump in the production of aircraft.But there is a bump in the road about to start: the latest US debt limit deal is about to expire very soon. The new US Administration will have to grapple with that in its early days. Trump wants no debt limits to constrain his tax cuts and spending plans, but his hardline conservative supporters won't agree to more deficits. This will be interesting.Trump has already had an effect on the US Federal Reserve, getting them to withdraw from the 144 member NGFS. of which the RBNZ.And separately, we should probably note that the aluminium price is at a two month high, and heading toward a two year high.The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 4.62%, and up +2 bps from this time Saturday.The price of gold will start today at US$2702/oz and down -US$14 from Saturday.Oil prices are down -50 USc at just under US$78/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is now just under US$81.The Kiwi dollar starts today just under 55.9 USc and down -10 bps from this time Saturday. Against the Aussie we unchanged at 90.1 AUc. Against the euro we are down -10 bps at 54.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today just on 66.8 and down -10 bps from yesterday, but up +20 bps from a week ago.The bitcoin price starts today at US$104,704 and down -0.3% from this time Saturday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at +/- 1.1%.You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Friday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news that despite it rising to its highest since June - to +2.9% and fourth monthly increase - financial markets have concluded US inflation is under control and Fed rate cuts are imminent. The key benchmark rates are easing back now.But first, although seasonal factors push up American jobless claims at this time of the year, they actually rose more than those factors can account for last week. On a seasonally adjusted basis, initial jobless claims rose last week to 217,000 and above expectations of 210,000 and well above the 11-month low touched in the first week of January. There are now 2.3 mln people drawing these benefits now and well above the 2.1 mln at this time last year.US retail sales were up +3.9% in December from the same month a year ago, and the fourth consecutive month-on-month rise. That takes it to US$795 bln for the month, a new record high for any month.Yesterday we noted the unusually large drop in the New York Empire State factory survey. Today we can note an unusually large rise in the Philly Fed factory survey, the outsized surge driven by new orders and the biggest jump since June 2020 and the pandemic distortions. Prior to that, it is the biggest one-month jump ever, taking the level to its highest since 1984 so a 40 year high.In Canada, December housing starts came in at a disappointing level and undershooting the 2024 average.The Bank of Korea unexpectedly held its key interest rate steady at 3% during its January 2025 meeting, defying market expectations of a -25 bps cut. This decision followed back-to-back rate cuts in previous meetings, made in response to a slowing economy, moderating inflation, decelerating household debt growth, and growing political uncertainty. The move also occurred against the backdrop of a weak currency.In China, leading property developer during China's boom years, Country Garden has now taken a place among the largest money losers in the country and the world, marking another grim milestone in their real estate meltdown. They have finally just reported their 2023 loss as -¥174 bln (NZ$43 bln) - although to be fair that is 'minor' compared to the giant -¥476 loss (-NZ$115 bln) that Evergrande reported in 2021.The December labour force data for Australia brought a +56,000 gain in jobs. But there was apparently a tough twist. +80,000 of these were part time, and full-time jobs shrank -24,000. But these are the seasonally-adjusted numbers. In actual fact, total new jobs (actual) were +119,000 with +72,000 full-time and +46,000 part-time. So on the ground there was actually no backsliding and many more people were actually in paid employment. Their jobless rate ticked up to 4.0% s.a. and 3.8% actual. The strength of this data has some doubting they will ever see an RBA rate cut.And Australia said that in the year to October (their latest update), +161,000 permanent and long term people arrived into the country. That is +12.3% more that the same 2023 year. But another 149,300 citizens returned in the year, although that was more than -6% less that the year before.Containerised freight rates slipped -3% last week with the heat right out of the China to USWC trade now that the new US Administration with its threatened tariffs is about to take office. Bulk cargo rates rose +8% in the week to be -22% lower than year-ago levels. They seem to be settling in at an historically low level.The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 4.61%, and down another -5 bps from this time yesterday.The price of gold will start today at US$2719/oz and up +US$31 from yesterday, and moving back toward its record high of US$2790 it reached at the end of October.Oil prices are little-changed from yesterday at just under US$79/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is now just over US$81.The Kiwi dollar starts today just on 56.2 USc and up +10 bps from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we are unchanged at 90.3 AUc. Against the euro we are down -10 bps at 54.5 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today just on 66.9 and down -10 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$99,264 and up a mere +0.2% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been modest at +/- 1.8%.You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again on Monday.

Kia ora,Welcome to Thursday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news the relief is palpable in financial markets today.First up today we can report that the American CPI inflation rate came in at 2.9% in December, almost exactly as expected and shrugging off some market fears of an upside to those expectations. The monthly change came in at 0.2% and also as expected. Their annual core rate came in at 3.2% and a tick less than expected. Still these levels are nine-month highs - but markets have ignored that fact.There were no real surprises in any of the detail and this triggered a relief rally across equity, bond and currency markets. They are hoping an interest rate cut by the Fed is back on the agendaBut there was a big surprise in home loan activity during the week, built on growing interest rate fears. Mortgage applications surged by a third last week from the previous week and erasing the declines in application volumes from four prior weeks. It was the largest increase in weekly applications since 2020. And the surge occurred despite benchmark mortgage rates pushing through the 7% threshold. Potential house-buyers attempted to lock in borrowing ahead of fears that interest rates will rise even further. Applications to refinance a mortgage, which are more sensitive to short term changes in interest rates, soared by +43% from the earlier week. But still, applications for a loan to purchase a house rose by +27%. These are enormous moves.There was also a large surprise in the New York Empire State factory survey, and a negative one. It was the result of a set of small shifts in all the components, none of them by themselves worrisome, but together they shifted the overall index. However, firms there don't think this month's result will last.But that isn't holding back their big banks. Overnight the first three of them, JPMorgan Chase, Wells Fargo and Goldman Sachs, announced Q4 earnings, and they were "bumper".In Japan, some central bank remarks from its Governor are raising the possibility that their might raise their policy interest rate at their meeting next week on Friday, January 24. The current policy rate is 0.25%. His remarks indicated he liked the current round of sharp wage increases in Japan.In Indonesia their central bank unexpectedly cut its benchmark interest rate by -25 bps to 5.75% during its overnight meeting. Markets had expected no-change. The regulator said it moved to ensure their exchange rate and related inflation rate stayed within targets.In Europe, November industrial production data released overnight showed a small +0.1% rise from October, but that still left it -1.7% lower than year ago levels.There was inflation data out for Russia overnight too and their war economy is becoming increasingly unbalanced. They now have a CPI of 9.5%, a falling ruble, and a central bank cutting rates on Moscow's orders when they know this is the wrong thing to do. The imbalances will only worsen.The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 4.66%, and down -15 bps from this time yesterday. The price of gold will start today at US$2687/oz and up +US$16 from yesterday.Oil prices are up +US$1.50 from yesterday at just on US$79/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is now just over US$81.The Kiwi dollar starts today just on 56.1 USc and up +10 bps from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we are down -20 bps at 90.3 AUc. Against the euro we are up +20 bps at 54.6 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today still just on 67 and unchanged from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$99,057 and up another +3.7% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has been moderate at +/- 2.2%.You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.

Kia ora,Welcome to Wednesday’s Economy Watch where we follow the economic events and trends that affect Aotearoa/New Zealand.I'm David Chaston and this is the international edition from Interest.co.nz.And today we lead with news long term rates just keep on rising ahead of the change in the US Administration. And now the USD is slipping back.First up however, the overnight GDT dairy Pulse auction brought the expected changes. The SMP price extended its recent rises, and the WMP price essentially held its full auction recovery. This event didn't signal any changes or concerns.In the US, their Redbook retail pulse index rose 'only' +5% last week from the same week a year ago, but to be fair the base was strong. No unusual signals here either.There were tow January sentiment surveys out overnight. The NFIB one for SMEs was quite bullish and at a six year high. But the RCM/TIPP investor one went backwards unexpectedly, although it was off a 40 month high.As expected, overall American producer prices rose, rising +3.3% from a year ago, although the rise wasn't quite as much as the +3.4% expected. While the lid was kept on by the unchanged services component, we need to keep an eye on the goods rise in December from November, which jumped +0.6% in the month, an unusually high shift. They won't want that to repeat.In a new report, the US Congressional Budget Office is projecting a sharp change in American demographics if the cap in migration is enforced. American will join Japan, China and Europe by growing older quicker - and much quicker than previously expected. And while this aging is going on, population growth will stall out at 370 mln in 2055. The viability of safety net programs will involve difficult choices.In China, their December new yuan loan data was released overnight and there is some impact from their recent stimulus efforts showing up here. It was expected to show a weak borrowing impulse, and it did, just not as weak as was anticipated. Chinese banks extended ¥990 bln in new loans in December, above ¥580 bln in November (which was the lowest since 2012) and above forecasts of ¥850 bln. Still this was the lowest rise since 2017.China is making a "stable yuan" a core policy objective. It is a stability against the USD they are managing.A sidebar update for once highflying Evergrande Property development company; A Chinese court has ruled it must make payments it hasn't the resources to make. And a Hong Kong court has ordered its liquidation. The next saga will be the legal proceedings against its auditor PwC by the liquidator.And we should note that today is the start of their enormous internal annual migration. January 14 is the kickoff of their Spring Festival travel rush, as workers begin to head home for the long vacation over the Lunar New Year. The Golden Week holiday around this event formally starts on January 28 and runs until February 4. But people are on the move now - including for international vacations.After slipping in December, the Westpac consumer sentiment survey for Australia slipped again in January. Homeowners and renters got more pessimistic about current conditions. But they are better than year-ago levels. And their forward looking views are positive now.The UST 10yr yield is now at just on 4.81%, and up +4 bps from this time yesterday. This level is threatening their October 2023 high, and prior to that it is the highest since 2007.The price of gold will start today at US$2671/oz and up +US$6 from yesterday.Oil prices are down -US$1 from yesterday at just over US$77.50/bbl in the US while the international Brent price is now just on US$80.The Kiwi dollar starts today just on 56 USc and up +½c from this time yesterday. Against the Aussie we are up +30 bps at 90.5 AUc. Against the euro we are unchanged at 54.4 euro cents. That all means our TWI-5 starts today at just on 67 and up +40 bps from yesterday.The bitcoin price starts today at US$95,517 and back up +3.7% from this time yesterday. Volatility over the past 24 hours has remained high at +/- 3.3%.You can find links to the articles mentioned today in our show notes.You can get more news affecting the economy in New Zealand from interest.co.nz.Kia ora. I'm David Chaston. And we will do this again tomorrow.