Adam Dixon and Robyn Klingler-Vidra break down the intricate ties between government policy, venture capital, and innovation. They explore how nations foster—or stifle—startup ecosystems, why venture capital isn’t a guaranteed path to success, and the global forces shaping entrepreneurship. From Europe's scale-up struggles to China's hyper-competitive market, they reveal the cultural, economic, and geopolitical factors driving (or hindering) innovation.Key TakeawaysGovernments are increasingly acting as venture capitalists to spur innovation.Venture capital plays a crucial role in fostering start up-led innovation.A high number of start ups does not necessarily equate to greater business dynamism.The best innovation ecosystems complement existing industries rather than replicate others.Europe continues to struggle with the 'scale-up problem' for its start ups.Bureaucracy remains a major obstacle for business growth in Europe.China's innovation pace outstrips Europe's, driven by intense competition.Geopolitical tensions are reshaping venture capital and start up ecosystems worldwide.Adam Smith's Panmure House:⁠Website⁠Adam Dixon:⁠On X⁠⁠On LinkedInRobyn Klingler-Vidra:https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-robyn-klingler-vidra/https://www.kcl.ac.uk/people/robyn-klingler-vidra Robyn’s latest book Start-up Capitalism: https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501780318/startup-capitalism/#bookTabs=1

In this episode, we explore the intricate relationship between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and China’s economic development. Adam Dixon and Jeff Henderson discuss the CCP’s influence on business operations, the historical impact of the Great Leap Forward, Deng Xiaoping’s market reforms, and Xi Jinping’s leadership. We also examine China’s global investments, competition within its economy, and the geopolitical tensions shaping trade relations between China, Europe, and the West.Key topics discussed:The CCP’s role in China’s economic rise and political stabilityHow Deng Xiaoping’s reforms lifted 700 million people out of povertyThe influence of the CCP on both state-owned and private enterprisesThe significance of foreign investment and technology transfer in China’s growthThe impact of Chinese investment in Europe: risks, benefits, and economic security concernsIncreasing competition between Chinese and Western corporationsHow global trade tensions are reshaping economic policies and alliancesAdam Smith's Panmure House:⁠Website⁠Adam Dixon:⁠On X⁠⁠On LinkedInJeff Henderson:On LinkedIn

In this episode of New Enlightenment, Adam Dixon sits down with Ilan Kelman to unravel the complex realities behind disasters, climate change, and the power of effective communication. Kelman challenges the common notion of “natural disasters,” emphasizing that disasters are driven by human choices and public policy failures rather than nature alone.The conversation dives into why understanding the baselinecauses of disasters — from poor urban planning to inadequate forest management — is critical to reducing their impact. Kelman argues that fear-based messaging around climate change often backfires, stressing the importance of tailored communication strategies that resonate with diverse communities.Key topics explored include:✅The role of public policy in exacerbating disaster risks✅ The urgent need for alternatives to fossil fuel dependency✅ How forest management can mitigate wildfire dangers✅The complexities of climate migration and whythe term "climate refugee" remains legally and politically problematic✅The unique challenges faced by vulnerable communities— from Arctic populations to island nations — and the need for localised solutions Kelman also highlights the importance of engaging in difficult conversations, especially when it comes to transportation policies, community resilience, and the socio-economic factors that shape disaster outcomes.Throughout the episode, the central theme remains clear: collaboration, dialogue, and evidence-based communication are key to tackling today’s most pressing climate challenges. Scientists, policymakers, and communities must work together to shift public perception and drive meaningful action.Adam Smith's Panmure House:⁠Website⁠Adam Dixon:⁠On X⁠⁠On LinkedInIlan Kelman:WebsiteOn LinkedInOn XOn InstagramUCL

In this episode, Adam Dixon sits down with RobertoDuran-Fernandez to explore North America's shifting trade landscape. They examine Mexico’s growing role in global supply chains, the impact of recent U.S.-Mexico trade agreements, and the evolving U.S.-China trade rivalry. The conversation dives into nearshoring trends, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and how geopolitical tensions are reshaping trade policies.Key topics include: Mexico as a key U.S. trade partner Nearshoring vs. offshoring: What’s next forglobal supply chains? The impact of U.S.-China relations on NorthAmerican trade Trump’s economic strategy and U.S. hegemonyAdam Smith's Panmure House:⁠Website⁠Adam Dixon:⁠On X⁠⁠On LinkedInRoberto Duran-FernandezOn LinkedInOn XBaker InstituteTecnologico de Monterey

In this episode, Francesca Ghiretti joins Adam Dixon to discuss the complexities of the China-US rivalry and its implications for Europe and the UK. They explore the escalating tensions between the two superpowers, the impact of self-sufficiency trends, and the challenges Europe faces in navigating its relationship with China while maintaining strong ties with the US. The discussion highlights the need for diversification and strategic planning in the face of economic uncertainties and geopolitical shifts. The conversation also covers the evolving political landscape in Europe, focusing on the UK's economic security, the EU's rightward shift, and the implications of these changes for European unity and defence spending. They explore the challenges of industrial policy, and the importance of creating ecosystems for successful industrial strategies. The discussion highlights the complexities of navigating national interests within the EU and the need for coordinated efforts to address pressing issues. Takeaways: There is significant escalation in US-China tensions. Self-sufficiency is a growing trend in both the US and China. Europe's identity and economic strategy are being re-evaluated. The UK faces challenges in maintaining a coherent China strategy. Granularity in regulations complicates European engagement with China. Europe needs both the US and China for growth and innovation. The UK lacks the leverage it had as an EU member. A rightward shift in European governments poses challenges for unity. The Berlin-Paris axis is weakening, affecting EU foreign policy. Giorgia Meloni's focus is more national than European. Increased defense spending is critical in light of recent events. Coordination in industrial policy is lacking across Europe. Misconceptions about industrial policy success can lead to misguided strategies. Ecosystems play a vital role in the success of industrial strategies. Public money allocation in industrial policy needs careful consideration. Adam Smith's Panmure House: ⁠Website⁠ Adam Dixon: ⁠On X⁠ ⁠On LinkedIn Francesca Ghiretti: On LinkedIn Geoeconomic Competition podcast RAND Chinese Investments and the Economic Security Turn in Europe

In this conversation, Adam Dixon and Amir Lebdioui delve into the intricacies of green industrial policy, emphasising its necessity in a climate-conscious world. They explore the economic advantages for developing countries to adopt green strategies, the challenges of fossil fuel development, and the importance of equity in energy transitions. The discussion also highlights the role of oil companies in the energy transition and the need for effective monitoring and evaluation of industrial policies. Ultimately, they stress the importance of adaptability and the involvement of civil society in shaping successful green policies. The discussion also highlights global examples of successful green policies, particularly focusing on China's competitive landscape in green technology and the geopolitical implications of these developments. Takeaways Developing countries can benefit economically from green policies. The narrative around green development needs reframing for developing nations. Fossil fuel production will continue but in reduced quantities. Equity in fossil fuel extraction is crucial for fair transitions. Oil companies have expertise that can aid in the energy transition. Green industrial policy requires adaptation to local contexts. Monitoring and evaluation are essential for effective policy implementation. Learning from failures is key to successful industrial policy. Civil society should play a role in monitoring industrial policies. Green industrial policy should be flexible and responsive to change. Successful examples of green policies can be found globally, including in Costa Rica and Malaysia. China's approach to green technology involves significant market competition. Long-term planning and gradual implementation can lead to successful transitions to green technologies. The relationship between government and private sector should be collaborative, not parasitic. Adaptation to changing conditions is essential for maintaining competitive advantages. A cooperative approach with China could benefit global sustainability efforts. Adam Smith's Panmure House: ⁠Website⁠ Adam Dixon: ⁠On X⁠ ⁠On LinkedIn Amir Lebdioui: On LinkedIn On X https://www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/person/amir-lebdioui Survival of the Greenest: Economic Transformation in a Climate-conscious World

In this conversation, our guest Stacy Swann discusses the evolution of climate finance, particularly in the context of COP meetings and the role of blended finance. She explains how the definition of climate finance has changed over the years, moving from a narrow focus on development aid to a broader understanding that includes private investment. The discussion also highlights the importance of blended finance in catalysing private capital for climate-related projects and the challenges of ensuring that funds are used effectively to address climate change. The dialogue emphasises the need for a balanced approach between mitigation and adaptation strategies, the importance of optimising blended finance, and the cautious optimism surrounding the financial sector's ability to contribute to climate solutions. Takeaways Climate finance has evolved significantly over the years. Public balance sheets alone cannot address the climate crisis. The definition of climate finance has become more complex. Transparency is essential in blended finance structures. Initial blended finance efforts were focused on climate-oriented projects. The time horizon for addressing climate change has significantly shortened. Investment in clean energy must accelerate to meet urgent needs. Public dollars should catalyse private investment efficiently. Investors are recognising climate risk as a critical factor. Mitigation and adaptation strategies must be balanced in funding. Adam Smith's Panmure House: ⁠Website⁠ Adam Dixon: ⁠On X⁠ ⁠On LinkedIn Stacy Swann: On LinkedIn Resilient Earth

In this conversation, Adam Dixon and Professor Darius Wojcik explore the field of financial geography, its distinctions from economic geography, and the importance of mixed methods in understanding financial systems. They discuss the Atlas of Finance, a comprehensive project that visualises financial data and relationships, emphasising the role of qualitative research in uncovering insights that quantitative data alone may miss. The conversation also delves into the definition of finance, its historical context, and the significance of visualisation in presenting financial information. In this conversation, Dariusz Wójcik and Adam Dixon explore the intricate relationships between finance, economics, and the environment, emphasising the historical context of these concepts. They discuss the distinction between economic and financial systems, the implications of socialist economies, and the role of Adam Smith as a financial geographer. The conversation also delves into the surprises encountered in the creation of the Atlas of Finance and the geopolitical tensions shaping the future of finance. Takeaways Financial geography examines the relationship between finance and space. Visualisation helps tell stories about financial data. Africa is currently the epicentre of financial crises. Finance is defined as relationships mediated by money. Understanding finance requires a broader definition than just money. The Atlas aims to educate and inform about financial systems. Everything financial is economic, but not vice versa. Financial sanctions have become the sanctions of choice in modern geopolitics. The US dollar remains a dominant force in global finance. The Atlas of Finance provides a historical perspective on finance's evolution. Adam Smith's Panmure House: ⁠Website⁠ Adam Dixon: ⁠On X⁠ ⁠On LinkedIn Dariusz Wójcik: On X On LinkedIn

In this conversation, Jean-Baptiste Wautier, veteran private equity leader, joins host Adam Dixon to discuss the complexities of capitalism, discussing its benefits, challenges, and the pressing need for reinvention. They explore the issues of inequality, environmental concerns, and the cyclical nature of economic booms and busts. Wautier emphasises the importance of shifting the focus from short-term profit to long-term purpose, advocating for a capitalism that prioritises societal solutions and minimises negative externalities. The discussion highlights the potential for a more sustainable and equitable economic model that addresses the root causes of current challenges. The dialogue emphasises the need for a shift in mindset where profit is seen as a by-product of solving societal problems rather than the primary goal. Takeaways Capitalism has created wealth but also significant inequalities. Reinventing capitalism is essential rather than discarding it. Concentration of wealth leads to inefficiency and political discontent. The boom-and-bust cycle of capitalism affects generations unfairly. Short-term profit obsession hinders long-term solutions. A focus on purpose can lead to better outcomes in capitalism. Stakeholder consideration is crucial for sustainable business practices. A reimagined capitalism can address societal challenges effectively. Corporate boardrooms prioritise profit over purpose. Venture philanthropy can align financial returns with social impact. Long-term thinking is essential for sustainable investments. Investors need to be incentivised to consider externalities. Purpose-driven companies can still be profitable. Scaling purpose-driven ventures requires a focus on impact. Adam Smith's Panmure House: ⁠Website⁠ Adam Dixon: ⁠On X⁠ ⁠On LinkedIn Jean-Baptiste Wautier: On LinkedIn On X https://wautier.co.uk/

In this episode, Adam Dixon and Aniket Shah discuss the implications of Donald Trump's presidency on climate change and energy policy, China's lead in the green technology sector, and the current thinking on ESG investing. They explore the complexities of global emissions, the potential for breakthroughs in energy technology, and the need for adaptation strategies in a warming world. They also explore the financial implications of climate change solutions, emphasizing that the costs associated with addressing climate change are manageable when viewed in the context of global GDP and energy spending. The conversation also critiques the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) framework, addressing the confusion within the ESG community regarding its purpose and effectiveness. Ultimately, they advocate for a clear understanding of the system and the roles different stakeholders play in driving sustainable finance and climate action. Takeaways America is a fossil fuel superpower, impacting its energy transition. Trump's presidency may not drastically hinder decarbonisation efforts. State-level initiatives in renewable energy are gaining momentum. China is leading the global race in green technology. The US's role in global emissions is only 10-12%. Investment in low carbon technologies is increasing globally. The missing middle in climate tech funding is a significant challenge. Adaptation and carbon removal must be prioritised in climate strategies. A mixed economy approach may emerge under Trump's leadership. Solving climate change can be financially feasible. Investment in low carbon energy is already happening. Adaptation should be viewed as infrastructure investment. Demand-side solutions are crucial for climate action. ESG is confused about its purpose and effectiveness. Clear analysis leads to better investment decisions. Historical emissions create ethical obligations for high emitters. Adam Smith's Panmure House: ⁠Website⁠ Adam Dixon: ⁠On X⁠ ⁠On LinkedIn Aniket Shah: On LinkedIn Jefferies