The Nathan Jacobs Podcast

Join Jacobs Premium: https://www.thenathanjacobspodcast.com/membershipThe book club (use code LEWIS): https://www.thenathanjacobspodcast.com/offers/aLohje7p/checkoutThis week we’re taking a look at the seven ecumenical councils of the early Christian church, from Nicaea (325 AD) to Nicaea II (787 AD). Dr. Jacobs traces how each council addressed Christological controversies while establishing foundational theological and philosophical positions. Topics include Trinitarian theology, the nature of Christ's divinity and humanity, the concept of eternal generation, and the distinction between essence and energies. The analysis demonstrates how seemingly disparate theological disputes form a unified narrative centered on the question "Who do you say that I am?"All the links: Substack: https://nathanajacobs.substack.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thenathanjacobspodcastWebsite: https://www.nathanajacobs.com/X: https://x.com/NathanJacobsPodSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0hSskUtCwDT40uFbqTk3QSApple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-nathan-jacobs-podcastFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/nathanandrewjacobsAcademia: https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/NathanAJacobs00:00:00 Intro 00:00:22 Christianity’s philosophical commitments 00:03:21 What are the Ecumenical Councils? 00:11:19 Keys for understanding the councils 00:20:59 The Council of Nicaea: is Christ fully God? 00:29:20 How is the Son begotten?00:35:18 Council of Constantinople: three persons, one nature 00:48:32 Are Christians monotheists? 00:55:50 Is Christ fully human? 01:04:50 Council of Ephesus: one person with two natures 01:12:14 Council of Chalcedon: unconfused & unmingled 01:24:31 The remaining councils01:26:39 The icon controversy 

Join Jacobs Premium: https://www.thenathanjacobspodcast.com/membershipThe book club (use code LEWIS): https://www.thenathanjacobspodcast.com/offers/aLohje7p/checkoutThis episode concludes a four-part series examining slavery, polygamy, and genocide in biblical texts. The discussion addresses remaining questions about the moral gap between Mosaic law and early Christian teaching, arguing that Scripture reflects a progressive moral pedagogy rather than an immediate ideal. The framework employs natural law theory and Eastern Orthodox theology to distinguish between morally impermissible slavery and morally acceptable servitude arrangements, while contextualizing Old Testament ethics within the Ancient Near Eastern cultural baseline from which God drew his people toward eventual Christian perfection.All the links: Substack: https://nathanajacobs.substack.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thenathanjacobspodcastWebsite: https://www.nathanajacobs.com/X: https://x.com/NathanJacobsPodSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0hSskUtCwDT40uFbqTk3QSApple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-nathan-jacobs-podcastFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/nathanandrewjacobsAcademia: https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/NathanAJacobs00:00:00 Introduction 00:01:20 Recapping the Slavery Episode 00:08:20 Recapping the Polygamy Episode 00:10:00 Recapping the Genocide Episode 00:11:27 Why a 4th Episode? 00:15:00 Slaying of Innocence 00:19:45 Possibility #1 00:20:30 Possibility #2 00:22:15 Possibility #3 00:23:40 The Rich Man and Lazarus 00:27:30 The Most Troubling Psalm 00:36:17 Lingering Concerns with Genocide 00:42:35 Are the Innocent Damned? 00:46:35 Loose Ends with Slavery 00:53:29 The Law and Moral Progress 01:00:50 Sensitivity of Moral Faculties 01:06:15 The Ideal of the Logos

Join Jacobs PremiumJoin the book club (use code LEWIS)This week Dr. Jacobs tackles the Eastern Orthodox perspectives on hell, divine providence, and human nature at Northern Arizona University. This conversation explores how Eastern patristic theology differs from Western Christianity on topics including original sin, the fall of man, Christ's descent into Hades, and the possibility of universal salvation. Jacobs traces his journey from philosophical opposition to Christianity through his discovery of the Church Fathers, addressing common objections to Christian theology based on moral intuitions and examining whether eternal damnation contradicts God's goodness. We also have a little tag on Mormonism and the Great Apostasy at the end. All the links: Substack: https://nathanajacobs.substack.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thenathanjacobspodcastWebsite: https://www.nathanajacobs.com/X: https://x.com/NathanJacobsPodSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0hSskUtCwDT40uFbqTk3QSApple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-nathan-jacobs-podcastFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/nathanandrewjacobsAcademia: https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/NathanAJacobs00:00:00 Intro 00:02:07 Background on Dr. Jacobs 00:14:56 The standard Western view of hell 00:18:33 The Eastern patristic perspective 00:32:19 God’s providence and goodness 00:40:06 Death & Hades in Eastern thought00:49:19 Death as both enemy and mercy 00:53:50 Genesis & the fall 01:13:06 Universal salvation & God’s will 01:35:03 Steel-manning nominalism 01:38:53 Christ not knowing the day or hour01:46:03 Mormonism & the Great Apostasy 

Join Dr. Jacobs’ membership for all kinds of perks and access: thenathanjacobspodcast.com/membership (use code LEWIS for a discount on the Fellows tier!) Today Dr. Jacobs takes a look at the challenge of genocide in the Old Testament, particularly the commanded extermination of the Amalekites and Canaanites. We’ll critique divine command theory from a realist metaphysical framework and explores how Eastern patristic theology understood divine providence, justice, and redemption in relation to these narratives. Dr. Jacobs will dig into cultural practices of ancient Near Eastern peoples, the distinction between race-based genocide and practice-based judgment, and how concepts like Christ's descent into Hades inform a coherent theological reading of these difficult passages.All the links: Substack: https://nathanajacobs.substack.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thenathanjacobspodcastWebsite: https://www.nathanajacobs.com/X: https://x.com/NathanJacobsPodSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0hSskUtCwDT40uFbqTk3QSApple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-nathan-jacobs-podcastFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/nathanandrewjacobsAcademia: https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/NathanAJacobs00:00:00 Intro 00:00:19 Series context & the question 00:05:27 Divine Command Theory is not the answer00:38:13 A thought experiment about evil 00:41:05 Cultural examples: Game of Thrones & black death00:47:40 Lord of the Rings & the Orcs 00:51:48 Understanding the Amalekites00:56:20 What Genocide really means01:05:40 A horror movie scenario01:13:02 The story of Saul & Samuel 01:17:34 The story of Jonah01:26:08 Christ's descent and redemption 01:31:38 Death as gift and mercy01:35:08 The broader narrative context01:39:03 Addressing the epistemological worry

This episode examines the moral case against polygamy from a natural law and Eastern Orthodox perspective, then addresses why polygamous practices appear in the Old Testament. Dr. Jacobs distinguishes between biological and psychological dimensions of sexual ethics, critiques Thomistic approaches for neglecting reason's role in human sexuality, and argues that ancient Near Eastern circumstances created conditions where polygamy functioned as a lesser evil tolerated but never endorsed by God. The Eastern patristic framework is presented as recognizing concessions to human weakness while maintaining monogamy as the scriptural ideal from Genesis through the early Church.All the links: Substack: https://nathanajacobs.substack.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thenathanjacobspodcastWebsite: https://www.nathanajacobs.com/X: https://x.com/NathanJacobsPodSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0hSskUtCwDT40uFbqTk3QSApple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-nathan-jacobs-podcastFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/nathanandrewjacobsAcademia: https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/NathanAJacobs00:00:00 Intro 00:00:25 Recap 00:08:50 Four levels of discourse 00:18:24 Natural law analysis00:27:41 Reason & psychological reality 00:45:39 Orthodox framework 01:04:24 Providence through missteps 01:09:40 Ancient Near East context

Enroll for Jacobs Premium Fellows (book club) <<use code LEWIS at checkout for the founder’s discount!>>: https://www.thenathanjacobspodcast.com/offers/aLohje7p/checkout Enroll for Jacobs Premium Scholars: https://www.thenathanjacobspodcast.com/offers/CC4Z229F/checkoutEnroll for Jacobs Premium Supporters: https://www.thenathanjacobspodcast.com/offers/HPjzX2Lk/checkoutThis episode examines the biblical problem of slavery through a natural law framework, distinguishing between immoral slavery and morally permissible servitude. Dr. Jacobs argues that what the Bible describes as "slavery" more closely resembles contractual servitude arrangements, lacking the five essential traits that make slavery immoral: abduction, coercion, brutality, squalor, and dehumanizing treatment. Using Eastern Orthodox theological anthropology and classical realism, he demonstrates how true slavery violates human nature by denying the fundamental freedom that defines rational beings. The analysis shows that both Old Testament law and early Christian teaching consistently condemned actual slavery while permitting voluntary service arrangements that preserved human dignity and self-determination.00:00:00 Introduction00:04:35 Let's talk about slavery00:07:28 Providentialists00:11:00 Good and evil as pleasure and pain00:17:10 Level 400:24:58 Moral responsibility00:31:37 The natural law case against slavery00:36:30 The features of slavery00:41:18 Discipline for one's formation00:45:28 The great chain of being00:50:12 Slave/master relationship00:53:00 Are the 5 traits of slavery essential?00:56:47 "Slavery" scenario #201:00:31 Defining our terms01:01:36 Is servitude immoral?01:06:03 The early Christian viewAll the links: Substack: https://nathanajacobs.substack.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thenathanjacobspodcastWebsite: https://www.nathanajacobs.com/X: https://x.com/NathanJacobsPodSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0hSskUtCwDT40uFbqTk3QSApple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-nathan-jacobs-podcastFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/nathanandrewjacobsAcademia: https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/NathanAJacobs

Dive into the fascinating world of Eastern Orthodox theology, exploring essential terms like pope, bishop, and the significance of the Pentarche. Discover the historical roots of apostolic succession and how church structures evolved post-persecution. Unpack the East-West divide and the causes behind the Great Schism of 1054. Delve into theological concepts like Theosis and predestination, and understand how language shifts can clarify rather than alter doctrine. Great insights await for anyone interested in bridging Protestant and Orthodox beliefs!

Sign up for Jacobs Premium: thenathanjacobspodcast.comIn this postscript to his anthropology and ethics series, Dr. Jacobs examines why people experience discomfort when confronted with moral assessments that challenge their preferred behaviors or beliefs. He draws parallels between objective aesthetics and ethics, arguing that humans possess default intuitions about justice and fairness that create psychological tension when their actions conflict with moral reality. Dr. Jacobs discusses the problems of confirmation bias and social pressure in ethical reasoning, advocating for beginning moral inquiry with foundational metaphysical questions rather than applied ethics. The episode concludes with practical considerations for personal ethical development, distinguishing between philosophical assessment, political implications, and pastoral guidance in the gradual cultivation of virtue.All the links: Substack: https://nathanajacobs.substack.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thenathanjacobspodcastWebsite: https://www.nathanajacobs.com/X: https://x.com/NathanJacobsPodSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0hSskUtCwDT40uFbqTk3QSApple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-nathan-jacobs-podcastFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/nathanandrewjacobsAcademia: https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/NathanAJacobs00:00:00 Intro 00:01:24 Objective aesthetics 00:05:25 The human yearn for justice 00:15:39 Resisting confirmation bias 00:23:26 Analyzing at level 4 00:26:59 The cognitive minority 00:36:52 Deciding how to live00:40:19 Politics and morality 00:43:06 Forming in virtue 

We dive once more into the differences between Eastern and Western Christianity. This time, Dr. Jacobs tackles the nature-grace divide. He’ll trace how Augustine's anti-Pelagian framework created a nature-grace divide in the Latin West, where human nature is seen as inherently incapable of pleasing God without supernatural assistance. In contrast, the Eastern tradition maintains that humans as icons of God possess a natural connection to divine grace through the image-archetype relationship. The analysis covers how these differing anthropologies lead to distinct understandings of total depravity, synergy, and the relationship between creature and Creator.All the links: Substack: https://nathanajacobs.substack.com/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thenathanjacobspodcastWebsite: https://www.nathanajacobs.com/X: https://x.com/NathanJacobsPodSpotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/0hSskUtCwDT40uFbqTk3QSApple Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-nathan-jacobs-podcastFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/nathanandrewjacobsAcademia: https://vanderbilt.academia.edu/NathanAJacobs00:00:00 Intro00:01:22 Recap & roadmap 00:10:08 The Pelagian controversy00:15:55 Hierarchy of loves00:20:22 Augustine's pursuit of truth00:28:19 Adam & Eve (original sin)00:35:45 The root of total depravity00:40:02 Divine volunteerism00:51:09 Monistic views emerge00:54:40 Medieval "faculty psychology"01:08:22 Imago Dei (Image of God) nuances01:11:30 Divine essence and energies01:23:36 Insights from Plato01:29:50 Man as icon of God01:39:14 Grace in the Christian West01:54:48 The faculty psychology problem02:12:40 Doctrine of the Logoi02:25:40 Idiosyncratic teleology02:30:52 Wrapping up the series

Dive into the complexities of LGBT ideology as dissenting views clash with cultural fundamentalism. Explore historical perspectives that separate personal inclinations from identity, revealing shifts in moral understanding. Examine how ancient Greek philosophy influences modern ethics, especially on contentious topics like abortion and LGBTQ+ rights. Challenge traditional morals with insights from various philosophical frameworks, emphasizing the importance of societal stability and family structures in today's discussions.