The Long View

Our guest today is Ric Edelman, the founder of the Digital Assets Council of Financial Professionals, or DACFP, an organization he formed in 2018. DACFP aims to advance financial professionals' knowledge of blockchain and digital assets. Prior to forming DACFP, Edelman and his wife Jean founded Edelman Financial Services, which grew to become one of the largest Registered Investment Advisors in the United States before it acquired Financial Engines to form Edelman Financial Engines in 2018. Edelman is a fixture in financial media where he is known for his radio show and frequent print and television appearances and has authored numerous books, including his latest, The Truth About Crypto: A Practical, Easy-to-Understand Guide to Bitcoin, Blockchain, NFTs, and Other Digital Assets. Edelman began his career as a journalist after graduating from Rowan University with a degree in communications.BackgroundBioDigital Assets Council of Financial Professionals (DACFP)DACFP Course on Blockchain and Digital Assets℠Edelman Financial EnginesThe Truth About Crypto: A Practical, Easy-to-Understand Guide to Bitcoin, Blockchain, NFTs, and Other Digital Assets, by Ric EdelmanThe Truth About Your Future With Ric EdelmanOther books by Ric EdelmanCryptocurrency"Crypto Attitudes Around the World," by Ric Edelman, dacfp.com, April 25, 2022."Ric Edelman Expects the SEC Will Approve a Bitcoin ETF," by Bernice Napach, benefitspro.com, July 2, 2021."A Bitcoin ETF Could Be a Game-Changer for Advisors. Not Everyone's Buying It," by Avi Salzman, Barron's, Oct. 19, 2021."Ric Edelman's '22 Predictions for 2022," by Brian Anderson, 401kspecialistmag.com, Dec. 29, 2021. "Here's the Best Time to Buy Bitcoin, According to Yale Data,” by Ali Montag, cnbc.com, Aug. 8, 2018."Cryptoassets: The Guide to Bitcoin, Blockchain, and Cryptocurrency for Investment Professionals," by Matt Hougan and David Lawant, CFA Institute, 2021.The Future of Advice"What's Coming Next in This Technological and Investment Revolution," YouTube, April 13, 2022.Milken InstituteStanford Center on Longevity"Laura Carstensen: 'I'm Suggesting We Change the Way We Work,'" The Long View podcast, Morningstar.com, Sept. 14, 2021.Retirement"Ric Edelman on the Future of Retirement," YouTube, Nov. 1, 2021."U.S. Is Facing 'a Real Retirement Crisis,' Top Investor Says—His Plan for Doubling Savings and Reducing Income Inequality," by Lizzy Gurdus, cnbc.com, June 22, 2021."More Americans Could Outlive Their Savings. How Advisors Can Protect Them," by Amey Stone, Barron's, July 21, 2021.Other"This Chart Perfectly Sums Up Why It’s Important to Have a Diverse Investment Portfolio," by Kathleen Elkins, cnbc.com, Jan. 12, 2021.Richard Thaler

Our guest on the podcast today is Brian Feroldi. Brian is the author of a new book called Why Does the Stock Market Go Up? He is also a writer and contributor to the Motley Fool, where he focuses on the technology and healthcare industries. In addition, Brian has a big presence on YouTube. The videos on his YouTube channel have hundreds of thousands of views. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Connecticut and his MBA from the University of Rhode Island.BackgroundBioBrian Feroldi—Spread Financial Wellness YouTube channelWhy Does the Stock Market Go Up? Everything You Should Have Been Taught About Investing in School, But Weren’tIndividual Stock Investing“10 Investing Lessons for Stock Market Beginners,” by Brian Feroldi, youtube.com, July 15, 2021.“The Hardest Part About Picking Stocks for New Investors,” video with Brian Feroldi and Brian Withers, fool.com, Feb. 10, 2021.“Opinion: ‘Time in the Stock Market Is More Important Than Timing the Market’ and More Critical Money and Investing Lessons I Wish My Younger Self Had Understood,” by Brian Feroldi, marketwatch.com, May 5, 2022.Peter Lynch“Brian Feroldi’s Stock Investing Checklist: A Step by Step Guide,” by Brian Feroldi, youtube.com, June 18, 2021.Antifragile: Things That Gain From Disorder, by Nassim Taleb“Good Reasons to Ignore Valuation,” by Brian Feroldi, MicroCap Leadership Summit 2021, microcapclub.com, Oct. 6, 2021.“Interview With Tom Engle: Investing Legend,” with Chris Reining, chrisreining.com.“GameStop: Squeezed to the Max|Brian Feroldi|EP 293,” choosefi.com, Feb. 4, 2021.“The 5 Biggest Investing Mistakes I’ve Ever Made,” by Brian Feroldi, yahoo.com, Sept. 23, 2018.OtherChooseFIAfford AnythingAll the HacksInvest Like the Best with Patrick O’ShaughnessyRule Breaker InvestingBanklessThe Tim Ferriss Show

Our guest this week is Jim Grant. Jim is the founder and editor of Grant's Interest Rate Observer, a twice-monthly newsletter on financial markets with a focus on bonds. He is the author of numerous books and has made frequent appearances in the financial press where his views on markets and the macroeconomy are much sought after. Before founding Grant's Interest Rate Observer, Jim did stints as a journalist, first as a reporter at The Baltimore Sun, and later at Barron's. He received his bachelor's degree from Indiana University and his master's in international relations from Columbia University.Background BioGrant’s Interest Rate ObserverThe Forgotten Depression: 1921: The Crash That Cured ItselfMr. Market Miscalculates: The Bubble Years and BeyondMoney of the MindBagehot: The Life and Times of the Greatest VictorianInflation and Interest Rates“Jim Grant: The Fed Cannot Control Inflation,” by Robert Huebscher, advisorperspectives.com, May 4, 2021.“Jim Grant: The Trouble With Treasuries,” by James Grant, barrons.com, Oct. 11, 2019.“The High Cost of Low Interest Rates,” by James Grant, wsj.com, April 1, 2020.“Happy Birthday, Federal Reserve! Have Some Punch (Before the Bowl Gets Taken Away),” by Paul Vigna, wsj.com, Dec. 23, 2013.“The Inflation Headshake,” by Eric Cinnamond, palmvalleycapital.com, March 9, 2022.Horizon Kinetics Inflation Beneficiaries ETFMurray Stahl bio“Jim Grant: The Endgame for the Bull Market in Bonds,” by James Grant, barrons.com, Sept. 13, 2019.“Jim Grant: Low Interest Rates Forever? Don’t Get Used to That Idea,” by James Grant, barrons.com, June 7, 2019.“James Grant: Bitcoin and Other Bubbles,” Wealthtrack podcast, youtube.com, Feb. 26, 2021.Policymaking“Jim Grant: The Big Flaw in Ph.D-conomics,” by James Grant, barrons.com, July 19, 2019.What Is the Taylor Rule?A History of Interest Rates, by Sidney HomerRecession and Macroeconomic Forecast“The Difficult Art of Conjuring Up Yield From Mortgage-Backed Securities,” by James Grant, barrons.com, March 15, 2019.“The Fed Is Well Behind the Curve: Jim Grant,” cnbc.com interview, youtube.com, Feb. 25, 2022.

Our guest on the podcast today is William Reichenstein. Dr. Reichenstein is an author and emeritus professor of finance at Baylor University. He is also head of research for Social Security Solutions and Retiree, Inc., where he and William Meyer have developed software to facilitate tax-efficient Social Security and asset-drawdown strategies for retirees. His recent books include Income Strategies and Social Security Strategies with William Meyer. A fourth edition of that book will be forthcoming soon. He has also published more than 200 articles in various financial journals. He earned his B.A. in economics from St. Edward's University and his Ph.D. from the University of Notre Dame. He is also a CFA charterholder.BackgroundBioSocial Security SolutionsIncome SolverIncome Strategies: How to Create a Tax-Efficient Withdrawal Strategy to Generate Retirement Income, by William Reichenstein Social Security Strategies: How to Optimize Retirement Benefits, by William Reichenstein and William MeyerTax-Efficient Withdrawal Strategies“Pay Attention to Marginal Tax Rates and Not Tax Brackets,” by William Reichenstein, advisorperspectives.com, Sept. 28, 2021.“Tax Considerations for Relatively Wealthy Households,” by William Reichenstein, Journal of Financial Planning, December 2021.“How Social Security Coordination Can Add Value to a Tax-Efficient Withdrawal Strategy,” by William Reichenstein and William Meyer, jor.pm-research.com, Fall 2021.“Saving in Roth Accounts and Making Roth Conversions Before Retirement in Today’s Low Tax Rates,” by William Reichenstein, financialplanningassociation.org, July 2020.“Investment Implications of the Rising and Falling Pattern of Marginal Tax Rates for Retirees,” by William Reichenstein and William Meyer, jor.pm-research.com, Summer 2020.“A Comparison of the Tax Efficiency of Decumulation Strategies,” by Greg Geisler, Bill Harden, and David Hulse, financialplanningassociation.org, March 2021.“Advice for Married Couples When One Spouse Will Die Years(s) Before the Other Spouse,” by William Reichenstein and William Meyer, financialplanningassociation.org, January 2021.“Using Roth Conversions to Add Value to Higher-Income Retirees’ Financial Portfolios,” by William Reichenstein and William Meyer, financialplanningassociation.org, February 2020.“The Asset-Location Decision and Related Topics,” by William Reichenstein, advisorperspectives.com, June 1, 2020.“Basic Truths About Asset Allocation: A Consensus View Among the Experts,” by William Reichenstein, aaii.com, July 2019.Social Security, Medicare, and Taxes“How to Prepare for a No-to-Low 2021 Social Security COLA,” by William Reichenstein, thestreet.com, July 27, 2020. “The Relationship Between Wealth and Delaying Social Security Benefits,” by William Reichenstein, aaii.com, June 2020.“Social Security Claiming Strategies for Singles and Their Implications for Couples,” by William Reichenstein and William Meyer, financialplanningassociation.org, May 2021.“A Top Social Security Expert Blasts Biden’s Reform Plan,” by Jane Wollman Rusoff, thinkadvisor.com, June 2, 2020.“Understanding the Tax Torpedo and Its Implications for Various Retirees,” by William Reichenstein and William Meyer, financialplanningorganization.org, July 2018.“How Retirees Can Avoid the ‘Tax Torpedo’,” by Mark Miller, Morningstar.com, Feb. 9, 2022.“Minimizing the Damage of the Tax Torpedo,” by William Reichenstein, financialplanningorganization.org, September 2021.“Medicare and Tax Planning for Higher-Income Households,” by William Reichenstein and William Meyer, jwm.pm-research.com, Winter 2019.“How Retirees Can Avoid Higher Medicare Premiums,” by William Reichenstein, wsj.com, June 14, 2018.Retirement Income/Other “There Is No Perfect Way to Protect Your Investments Against Inflation,” by Anne Tergesen, goodwordnews.com, Feb. 14, 2022.

Our guest this week is Mary Childs. Mary is a cohost and correspondent for National Public Radio's Planet Money. Previously, she was a reporter at Barron's magazine and before that, a reporter at the Financial Times and Bloomberg News. She received her bachelor's degree in business journalism from Washington & Lee University. Mary is the author of a new biography about the iconic Pimco bond fund manager, Bill Gross. It's called the The Bond King: How One Man Made a Market, Built an Empire, and Lost It All. We spent this episode delving into the book with Mary's help.BackgroundBioPlanet Money podcastThe Bond King: How One Man Made a Market, Built an Empire, and Lost It All, by Mary ChildsPimco Total Return Analyst ReportEarly Life and CareerBeat the Dealer, by Ed Thorpe“The Strange Billionaire Who Revolutionized the Bond Market,” by Greg Rosalsky, npr.org, March 15, 2022.“Bill Gross Made the Bond Market What It Is Today,” by Mary Childs, barrons.com, Feb. 8, 2019.Psychology and MotivationsJeffrey Gundlach“Gross Friendly to Fannie and Freddie,” by Bloomberg News, investmentnews.com, Oct. 31, 2011.“Pimco Shook Hands With the Fed—and Made a Killing,” by Reuters, cnbc.com, Sept. 27, 2013.“Special Report—The Twilight of the Bond King,” by Jennifer Ablan and Matthew Goldstein, reuters.com, Feb. 9, 2012.“Announcing the Morningstar Fund Managers of the Decade,” by Karen Dolan, Morningstar.com, Jan. 12, 2010.“Fall of the Bond King: How Gross Lost Empire as Pimco Cracked,” by Mary Childs, Bloomberg.com, Dec. 2, 2014.“Inside the Showdown Atop Pimco, the World’s Biggest Bond Firm,” by Gregory Zuckerman and Kirsten Grind, wsj.com, Feb. 24, 2014.“Pimco Dissidents Challenge Bill Gross in ‘Happy Kingdom,’” by Mary Childs, Bloomberg.com, July 8, 2014.“Gross: Economy Can’t Survive Much Higher Rates,” keynote presentation at the Morningstar Investment Conference, Morningstar.com, June 25, 2014.Gross’ Departure From PimcoMohamed El-Erian“Exclusive: Pimco’s Gross Declares El-Erian Is ‘Trying to Undermine Me,’” by Jennifer Ablan, reuters.com, March 6, 2014.“5 Years Later: Pimco Total Return,” by John Rekenthaler, Morningstar.com, June 26, 2018.“Pimco in the Post-Gross Era,” by Eric Jacobson, Morningstar.com, Dec. 26, 2017.“Gross Loses Pimco Power Struggle With ‘Stunning’ Exit,” by Mary Childs and Alexis Leondis, Bloomberg.com, Sept. 26, 2014.

Our guest on the podcast today is Nick Maggiulli. He is the author of a new book called "Just Keep Buying: Proven Ways to Save Money and Build Your Wealth." He is also the author of OfDollarsAndData.com, a blog focused on the intersection of data and personal finance. In addition, he is COO and data scientist for Ritholtz Wealth Management. He graduated from Stanford University with a degree in economics.BackgroundBioOf Dollars And DataJust Keep Buying: Proven Ways to Save Money and Build Your WealthPersonal FinanceWhat Is a Data Scientist?“Go Big, Then Stop,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, July 27, 2021.“The Biggest Lie in Personal Finance,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, Feb. 4, 2020.“The 9 Best Income Producing Assets to Grow Your Wealth,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, Sept. 15, 2020.“Just 5 Years Can Change Your Life,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, Dec. 28, 2021.“We Begin our Lives as Growth Stocks, but end our Lives as Value Stocks,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, Nov. 24, 2020.“How to Spend Money,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, Dec. 3, 2019.The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less, by Barry SchwartzInvesting and Markets“Dollar-Cost Averaging vs. Lump Sum: The Definitive Guide,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, Feb. 25, 2020.“How Often Does Dollar-Cost Averaging Fail?” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, June 29, 2021.“We Are All Investors Now,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, July 20, 2021.“The Yield Curve Just Inverted…Now What?” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, April 5, 2022.“How to Save for a Big Purchase,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, Nov. 17, 2020.“In Defense of Global Stocks,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, July 6, 2021.“Why Investing Like Your Neighbors Isn’t as Dumb as It Seems,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, Feb. 1, 2022.“Why You Shouldn’t Pick Individual Stocks,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, April 6, 2021.“Why Market-timing Can Be So Appealing,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, Jan. 28, 2020.“When Does Market-timing Work?” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, May 7, 2019.“Ask Yourself Why,” by Nick Maggiulli, ofdollarsanddata.com, March 28, 2018.OtherKyla ScanlonJack Raines

Our guest on the podcast today is author and blogger JL Collins. He blogs about financial and other matters at JLCollinsnh.com. Collins' first book, The Simple Path to Wealth: Your Road Map to Financial Independence and a Rich, Free Life was published in 2016 and has been an international best-seller. His latest book is How I Lost Money in Real Estate Before It Was Fashionable. That one came out in 2021.BackgroundBioJLCollinsnh.com The Simple Path to Wealth: Your Road Map to Financial Independence and a Rich, Free LifeHow I Lost Money in Real Estate Before It Was Fashionable: A Cautionary TaleInvesting"Stocks--Part XV: Target Retirement Funds, the Simplest Path to Wealth of All," by JL Collins, jlcollinsnh.com, Dec. 18, 2012.“Stocks—Part XIII: The 4% Rule, Withdrawal Rates and How Much Can I Spend Anyway?" by JL Collins, jlcollinsnh.com, Dec. 7, 2012."The Alfred Hitchcock Path to FI," by JL Collins, jlcollinsnh.com, May 5, 2021."The Trinity Study and Portfolio Success Rates," by Wade Pfau, Forbes, Jan. 16, 2018."Stocks—Part XXVII: Why I Don't Like Dollar Cost Averaging," by JL Collins, jlcollinsnh.com, Nov. 12, 2014.Real Estate"Truly Passive Real Estate Investing," by JL Collins, jlcollinsnh.com, Nov. 28, 2018."Why Your House Is a Terrible Investment," by JL Collins, jlcollinsnh.com, May 29, 2013.OtherThe Psychology of Money, by Morgan Housel Why Does the Stock Market Go Up? Everything You Should Have Been Taught About Investing in School, But Weren't, by Brian FeroldiQuit Like a Millionaire: No Gimmicks, Luck, or Trust Fund Required, by Kristy Shen and Bryce LeungRich & Regular blogCashing Out: Win the Wealth Game by Walking Away, by Julien and KierstenTaking Stock: A Hospice Doctor's Advice on Financial Independence, Building Wealth, and Living a Regret-Free Life, by Jordan GrumetEarn & Invest podcast

Our guests on the podcast today are Dan Otter and Scott Dauenhauer. Together they run the website 403bwise, which is geared toward providing education and advocacy on retirement planning for educators. Dan started 403bwise in 2000 with John Moore as a means of shedding light on the often opaque landscape of retirement plans for K-12 educators. Scott is a certified financial planner and principal and owner of Meridian Wealth Management. He got interested in the 403(b) space after researching retirement plan options available to his wife, who is a teacher. They've each written books about 403(b)s and retirement planning for K-12 educators. Dan's is called Teach and Retire Rich, while Scott's book is called Wild West: Providing Fiduciary Advice to Public School Employees. They also host a podcast called Teach and Retire Rich, and they recently released a short podcast series called Learned by Being Burned: Teachers in the K-12 403(b).Background403bwise.orgDan OtterTeach and Retire Rich, by Dan OtterScott DauenhauerWild West: Providing Fiduciary Advice to Public School Employees, by Scott DauenhauerTeach and Retire Rich podcastLearned by Being Burned podcastThe Ins and Outs of 403(b)s“401(k) and 403(b) Plans: Knowing the Difference,” investopedia.com, March 19, 2021.“Many Teacher Pension Plans Get Failing Grade,” by Kaitlin Mulhere, money.com, Aug. 31, 2021.“How 403bwise.org Provides Financial Education to K-12 Employees,” by Dan Otter, investmentnews.com, April 9, 2021.What Is a 457 plan?“457(b)s: The Solution to Bad K-12 403(b) Plans?” by Dan Otter, investmentnews.com, July 29, 2021.“Project Aims to Grade 14,000 School Districts’ 403(b) Plans,” by Emile Hallez, investmentnews.com, Jan. 4, 2022.“The Two Faces of 403(b) Index Funds,” by Scott Dauenhauer, 403b.substack.com, Oct. 7, 2021.403bCompare.comNEA DirectInvestNext Gen Personal Finance“Bringing Personal Finance to the Classroom for Generation Z,” by Ann Carrns, nytimes.com, March 18, 2022.New York State Deferred Compensation Plan

Our guest today is Eric Schoenstein. Eric is a managing director at Jensen Investment Management, where he serves as the firm’s chief investment officer and is a portfolio manager of several Jensen strategies, including its flagship Quality Growth strategy. That strategy is a concentrated portfolio of 25-30 stocks of growing businesses that Jensen’s team believes boast durable competitive advantages. Prior to joining Jensen in 2002, Eric was a senior manager at Arthur Andersen. He earned his bachelor’s in business administration from Oregon State University. He is also a trustee and the board chair for the Oregon State University Foundation Board of Trustees.BackgroundBioJensen Quality GrowthQuality and Growth"15 Cheap Growth Stocks Amid the Volatility," by Dave Sekera, Morningstar.com, Feb. 28, 2022."The Best Way To Capture Quality Growth," by Helen Fowler, ETF.com, Dec. 4, 2013. "The What, Why, and How of Quality," by Ben Johnson, Morningstar.com, March 30, 2016.“A Closer Look at Quality: The Fuzziest of Factors,” by Ben Johnson, Morningstar.com, Feb. 13, 2019.Risk Management“Risk Management--U.S. Equity Investing,” by Eric H. Schoenstein.“Interview With Eric Schoenstein of Jensen Investment Management,” Motley Fool, June 3, 2016.“Jensen Quality Growth Invests Patiently--and Very Successfully,” by Reshma Kapadia, Barron’s, Jan. 21, 2017.“Q&A: Jensen Investment on Bracing for Volatility,” by Coryanne Hicks, U.S. News & World Report, Jan. 13, 2021.Stocks“Jensen Quality Growth Fund: Stock Investing With a High Hurdle for Entry,” by Steve Schaefer, Forbes, July 23, 2013“Jensen Fund Managers Asks One Really Important Question When Deciding to Invest,” by John Sullivan, ThinkAdvisor.com, June 24, 2012. “How Microsoft, PepsiCo and Other Solid Plays Helped This Fund Manager Ride Out a Bumpy Decade,” Barbara Kollmeyer, MarketWatch, Jan. 29, 2020.“Microsoft Results Point to New Growth Chapter,” by Daisuke Wakabayashi, Reuters, Oct. 29, 2007.“Apple Services to Drive Next Leg of Growth, Says Schoenstein,” Bloomberg Technology, March 27, 2018.“Why One Of 2016's Best Large-Cap Funds Finally Bought Apple Shares,” Steve Schaefer, Forbes, April 11, 2016.

Our guest on the podcast today is Terrance Odean. Dr. Odean is the Rudd Family Foundation Professor of Finance at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley. Individual investor trading has been a key area of research throughout his academic career. In 2016, Dr. Odean received the James R. Vertin Award from the CFA Institute for research notable for its relevance and enduring value to investment professionals. He has been an editor and an associate editor of numerous academic finance journals, including The Review of Financial Studies, The Journal of Finance, and The Journal of Behavioral Finance. As an undergraduate student at UC Berkeley, Dr. Odean studied judgment and decision-making with a 2002 Nobel Laureate in Economics, Daniel Kahneman.BackgroundBioThe Review of Financial StudiesThe Journal of FinanceThe Journal of Behavioral FinanceFree Trading and Robinhood“Online Investors: Do the Slow Die First?” by Brad Barber and Terrance Odean, faculty.haas.berkeley.edu, 2002.“The Behavior of Individual Investors,” by Brad Barber and Terrance Odean, umass.edu, September 2011.“Attention Induced Trading and Returns: Evidence From Robinhood Users,” by Brad Barber, Xing Huang, Terrance Odean, and Christopher Schwarz, paper.ssrn.com, Oct. 12, 2021.“Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors,” by Brad Barber and Terrance Odean, faculty.haas.berkeley.edu, April 2000.“All That Glitters: The Effect of Attention and News on the Buying Behavior of Individual and Institutional Investors,” by Brad Barber and Terrance Odean, academic.oup.com, April 2008.“Robbin’ Who?” by William Ehart, humbledollar.com, May 11, 2021.“Systematic Noise,” by Brad Barber, Terrance Odean, papers.ssrn.com, May 2006.Gender Differences in Investing“Boys Will Be Boys: Gender, Overconfidence, and Common Stock Investment,” by Brad Barber and Terrance Odean, papers.ssrn.com, November 1998.“Seeing Is Believing: Female Leaders’ Presence Narrows the Gender Gap in Girls’ Aspirations and Advancement in Education,” by Lori Beaman, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande, and Petia Topalova, gap.hks.harvard.edu, February 2012.“What Accounts for the Gender Equality Among Pharmacists?” by Claudia Goldin, premarket.org, Oct. 7, 2021.Behavioral FinanceDaniel Kahneman