They Create Worlds

TCW Podcast Episode 173 - The Computer Price Wars Part 2   In part two of our look at the computer price wars, we dive deep into the major players. Commodore with the VIC-20 and Texas Instruments with the TI99/4A were the major players. Other players included Apple, the TRS-80 Color, and even the US version of the ZX Spectrum.  As fears mounted that Japanese PC makers would eventually price out the US computer makers, efforts were made to drive the prices of home computers lower and lower. The opening shots of the price war included using celebrity endorsements for the major players. Discover the history of how Commodore and Texas Instruments took down a whole industry!   SRAM and DRAM More in Depth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rNEtAz3wJQ What is DRAM?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waU7U_7-mpk TCW 131 -  Clive of ZX: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/sir-clive-of-zx/ 8-Bit Guy - The VIC 20: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yg04GyhS3ss TRS-80 Color: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUa1s9uFKHs Commodore VIC-20 William Shatner Commercials: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JAU9Ntpoms TI 99/4a: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0puBoKpvEjY Bill Cosby Texas Instruments: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eV0t4QIINLI   New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  Twitter: @tcwpodcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and major online retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1     Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode -  Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

TCW Podcast Episode 172 - The Computer Price Wars part 1   Part one of our live recording as we cover the Computer Price Wars. We focus on the development of the PC market. The state of computers in the home. The hobbyist computer market, and the major players involved. We see the rapid development of computers and the shift to pre-assembled PCs. We wrap up by looking at the major players of the late 70s and early 80s.  The build-up to a price war that would eventually devastate the entire industry.   TCW 025 - Mattel Electronics?: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/mattel-electronics/ The Story of the Mattel Aquarius: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ReUNJLwqSbo APF Imagination Machine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UvgpcZ1m4XY Atari 800 Review: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gA-euwYrAzw TRS 80 Model 1 Overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-6_D3cRXws Star Raiders: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxbYwekgRz4   New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  Twitter: @tcwpodcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1     Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode -  Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

TCW Podcast Episode 171 - A Rogue's Survival Part 2   In part two we look more closely at the evolution of rogue and its descendants. The game Hack which lead to the development of NetHack, and Moria.  These games continued down branching paths to have influences on MMOs, Diablo, and others. We then jump ahead to the modern indie scene, and how the random generation aspects were adapted to create Spelunky.  Spelunky in turn inspired other creators to create games using random generation elements. The most notable of these being The Binding of Isaac, FTL, and Crypt of the Necrodancer.  It is through these four games that we can see that the concept of randomly generated maps and scenarios are not limited to dungeon crawls, or ASCII art. The concepts can be brought into other genres including platforming, real time strategy, and rhythm games.     NetHack: https://www.nethack.org/ uMoria: https://umoria.org/ Castle of the Winds: https://archive.org/details/win3_CasWin1 Spelunky: https://spelunkyworld.com/original.html Spelunky Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=em8cU6qcUkw Kagirinaki Tatakai: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFHdvrn6_MM Dwarf Fortress: http://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/ The Binding of Isaac: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oU8EEHy9vR0 FTL Faster Than Light: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SNc06T_ywcs Red November: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ox9vubjkZ8s Battlestar Galatica: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0elLcYrPq0 Crypt of the Necrodancer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcCW2gx4YvA     New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  Twitter: @tcwpodcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1     Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode -  Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

TCW Podcast Episode 170 - A Rogue's Survival Part 1   We start looking into Rogue by looking at the computer systems that helped to spawn its creation. We cover the history of UNIX. The development of UNIX is tied heavily to the development and distribution of Rogue. Rogue was programmed in partnership between Michael Toy and Glenn Wichman. The game featured extensive replayability. The game started to spread through early UseNet and inspired others to create similar games.   TCW 084 - Time Shared: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/time-shared/ AT&T Archives The UNIX OS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tc4ROCJYbm0 C Programing Language with Brian Kernighan: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=de2Hsvxaf8M AT&T Archive The Bell System: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBPTM_irIco ADM-3A: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzmB-Eow5P8 Bill Joy Interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEUXI3I_IZg What is ASCII?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zB85kTs-sEw Characters Symbols, and the Unicode Miracle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MijmeoH9LT4 The Hidden Early History of Unix: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuzeagzQwRs UUCP: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UUCP FreeBSD: https://www.freebsd.org/ Rogue on Steam: https://store.steampowered.com/app/1443430/Rogue/ NetHack: https://www.nethack.org/     New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  Twitter: @tcwpodcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major online retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1     Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode -  Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

TCW Podcast Episode 169 - Activision and Kotick Part 3   In our final part on Activision and Kotick we see how Activision continued to develop and acquire new IPs. With Spycraft they were in on the Siliwood era of games a trend that continued with Zork Grand Inquisitor. Attempts were made to gain further ground with games like Interstate '76, Big Game Hunter, and Apocalypse. However it was not until Tony Hawk's Pro Skater, Call of Duty, and the eventual acquisition of Activision by Vivendi that Bobby Kotick was able to realize his goal of becoming the largest 3rd party developer!   Spycraft The Great Game: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHWFO6SL-wY Zork Grand Inquisitor: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sEvzdefXk8 Interstate '76: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLB-dUOUg6Y Pixel Blurring:  https://www.reddit.com/r/interestingasfuck/comments/rwtc13/not_just_imagination_due_to_pixel_blurring_older/ FF1 CRT VS LCD: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Z_6Uoea_DI Big Game Hunter 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mHBUVdxQUEU Heretic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7niU6A3yYeU Hexen: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwqGlFjgAOw Hexen 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgHq_muqeH0&list=PL30CJwxIgVycgZ1Cw_5WeejC0CbDBfg79 Apocalypse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uM191mkD3U0 Top Skater: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bx9vMnLAglQ Tony Hawk's Pro Skater: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEGVwVz_ZRw Real Life James Bond: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roAKodJ3TuM Medal of Honor: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6ivwknQN54 Medal of Honor Allied Assault: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTH8A7Q9V54 Call of Duty Finest Hour: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pn0qx_PL7M Call of Duty (pc): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7KJ7yDJDGk Shoot to Kill British Training Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXqwh2o_zzs American VS German Automatic Weapons: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkUom-XkgC0   New episodes on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  Twitter: @tcwpodcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major online retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1     Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode -  Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

TCW Podcast Episode 168 - Activision and Kotick Part 2   In part two of our look at Activision under Bobby Kotick's leadership. We see how Activision's franchises and licensed properties were leveraged for revenue. We look at how Activision had to revive the entire development apparatus from scratch. They used the animation skills of a Disney-trained trained animator for Pitfall the Mayan, Adventure. Finally, Activision was able to firmly gain footing, and regain profitability with the release of MechWarrior 2!   The Manhole: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JC2AgMnTFd4 Leather Goddesses of Phobos 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eA0rPwUcQmQ Return to Zork: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSoT0Ty8MVQ The Fox and the Hound Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbuIeTHh4To The Black Cauldron Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=isAtOHLiMH8 Tron Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtyHX7z8fi8 Technological Threat: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XiTgoRR3tbk Ferngully - The Last Rainforest Trailer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dzqyc95zcxo Pitfall The Mayan Adventure(SNES): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G34rcaK11W0 Pitfall The Mayan Adventure (Sega CD): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P86I5GgsLZM BattleTech The Crescent Hawk's Inception: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rtXTFtyQms Mechwarrior: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuxySqjb5X8 Dos Protected Mode Explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XAyQLV5bbb0 Why you need DOSBox: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZmlfmK619g Mechwarrior 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0mSdnxM7fc     New episodes on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  Twitter: @tcwpodcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1     Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode -  Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

TCW Podcast Episode 167 - Activision and Kotick Part 1   In part one of our look at Activision and Bobby Kotick we look at the early life, and history of the man.  We see from an early age how business was always a driving factor in his life.  Furthermore, we see some of his early companies and challenges as he transitioned into the technology field.  With the help of influential businessman Steve Wynn, Bobby Kotick was able to start a software company.  Wynn further helped in financing the eventual buy-in of Mediagenic when the company was floated as a cheap way to get into the game market by Nintendo.  We finish by looking at how Kotick and others took control of Mediagenic and renamed it Activision.  With the need to file for bankruptcy Kotick has the long task of building up the company from scratch.  Promising investors to at least break even over the next four to five years.   TCW 009 - History of Mediagenic Part I: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/history-of-mediagenic-part-i/ TCW 010 - History of Mediagenic Part II: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/history-of-mediagenic-part-ii/ TCW 126 - Activision and Atari: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/activision-and-atari/ Bobby Kotick in Moneyball: https://www.engadget.com/2011-08-07-why-bobby-kotick-has-a-cameo-in-moneyball-the-charitable-conclu.html TCW 027 - The Magnavox Patent Lawsuits: http://podcast.theycreateworlds.com/e/the-magnavox-patent-lawsuits-friday-september-16-2016-1003-am/   New episodes on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  Twitter: @tcwpodcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book, published Dec 2019, is available at CRC Press and at major on-line retailers: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1   Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode -  Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download: http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love: http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

TCW Podcast Episode 166 - Centuri   We look at the rebirth of Allied Leisure under new management and funding.  The company found a niche importing Japanese games from lesser known companies.  They also continued to leverage licensing to do cocktail cabinet styles of popular games.  Most notably the big four games that made the company rocket to the top were: Eagle, Phoenix, Pleiads, and Vanguard.  Later on the company would join into a partnership with Konami to import their games.  With Japanese companies opening their own manufacturing in the states the deal with Konami ended.  That combined with other issues lead to Centuri going out of business a few years later.   Eagle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zuq0ptnKRw Moon Cresta: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dl5stQgPGYQ Phoenix: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eUUTZhkb1Y Pleiads: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5YEx4-3TBo Vanguard Cabinet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plZd5MzIELI Vanguard Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MwVWsHBm5g The Pit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTIjYc-ZH-A Tunnel Hunt: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6HqxB8eQ_w Track and Field: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozcE8qzTdHo   New episodes on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  Twitter: @tcwpodcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book is available for preorder and should be released through CRC Press in December 2019: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1     Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode -  Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download:http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love - http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

TCW Podcast Episode 165 - Allied Leisure   We look at the origins of the coin-op company Allied Leisure! The company came from a coin-op veteran who wanted to help his son establish a company he could call his own. Despite some notable successes Allied Leisure was plagued with quality issues in production. They made some unique games in coin-op with F-114, their pong clone, and pinball with cocktail cabinets. Unfortunately many setbacks including a fire, the death of  Robert Braun, the stigma of the company being known as Allied Looser, and the near liquidation of the company when the bankruptcy was declared. Allied Leisure had a fascinating history and would be reborn as Centuri when David Braun sold the company.   Slot Cars in the 60's: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFQWsUABpPk Monkey Bizz Flyer: https://flyers.arcade-museum.com/?page=flyer&db=arcadedb&id=1088&image=1 Picture of Unscramble: http://www.pinrepair.com/arcade/unscram.htm Wild Cycle Cabinet Unboxing and Tour: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhInZ6cUSL0 Wild Cycle Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fij6jpYb1T0 Sonic Fighter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQ8AAxGOvHQ Spoolsville: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esLVT3A9Bfg Sea Hunt Cabinet: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSzLZ6BQJBs&t=1s Sea Hunt Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5fkypjoKts Paddle Battle Pictures: https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=8963 Pictures of Tennis Tourney: https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=10072 Ethan Johnson's Article History of How We Play: https://thehistoryofhowweplay.wordpress.com/2017/12/31/the-mysteries-of-2017/ Zap Pictures: https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=10666 Super Shifter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9sP-cq8eCA F114: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgJ1PgGLlqQ Street Burners (Cabinet pictures and short video): https://www.arcade-museum.com/game_detail.php?game_id=9801 Pinball Dyn-O'-Mite: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXmGJqQrIsM Good Times Dyn-O'-Mite: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5rKZs6HnB4 Name of the Game Article: http://allincolorforaquarter.blogspot.com/2012/09/allied-leisures-name-of-game-home-video.html Name of the Game Console Overview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbHIQA2yjcc Name of the Game Console cleanup and Demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cPc-ZHJibs The Entertainer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKW2stl6Cfg Take Five: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGBKjuXpKXA Star Shooter Cocktail Pinball: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Mm3DE07Jm8     New episodes are on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  Twitter: @tcwpodcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book is available for preorder and should be released through CRC Press in December 2019: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1     Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode -  Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download:http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love - http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

TCW Podcast Episode 164 - Fallout   History. History is always changing. Greek historians recorded tales in scrolls, and simple books. Historians of the modern era use interviews, micro-film, and court documents to decipher history. In this episode Alex and Jeffrey look at the Fallout of all that historical work. How they can shape and mold it into the continuing narrative of the video game industry. Fallout almost was not a thing and possibly could not be made today. The game faced many challenges in its creation, but ended up being a very influential work affecting not just video games but role playing games as a whole.   Wasteland 1 DOS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v17LQ7Ukrsk GURPS Explained: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZMLhphjB-g GURPS Lite: http://www.sjgames.com/gurps/lite/ Wiz-War: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XP5vZQJG1Vo Isometric VS Oblique: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tAXW_xn6rU Oblique VS Isometric Drawings: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w503xvjt7mA Short Video of Knight Demo: https://youtu.be/T2OxO-4YLRk?t=904 Rex and Bobby Quest: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yzms-rfYdKk Crusader No Remorse: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUnvNTvHMnQ Mad Max Trailer 1979: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caHnaRq8Qlg Mad Max 2 The Road Warrior 1981: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlwtiOyaoo0 Mad Max 3 Beyond the Thunderdome 1985: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JKZKjFjHDM The Omega Man 1979: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWB6Ufh4O98 A Boy and his Dog: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTck2RnpPy4 The Day After Reaction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aG-e52yAxfs The Day After Movie: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iyy9n8r16hs Intro Fallout 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geLiEiAiQJA Fallout Endings: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwXA_fIB2Ro   New episodes on the 1st and 15th of every month!   TCW Email: feedback@theycreateworlds.com  Twitter: @tcwpodcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theycreateworlds Alex's Video Game History Blog: http://videogamehistorian.wordpress.com Alex's book is available for preorder and should be released through CRC Press in December 2019: http://bit.ly/TCWBOOK1     Intro Music: Josh Woodward - Airplane Mode -  Music - "Airplane Mode" by Josh Woodward. Free download:http://joshwoodward.com/song/AirplaneMode  Outro Music: RolemMusic - Bacterial Love - http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Rolemusic/Pop_Singles_Compilation_2014/01_rolemusic_-_bacterial_love    Copyright: Attribution: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/