Restitutio

Today we are moving into our second group of New Testament manuscripts–the uncials.  However, before describing them, we’ll need to focus on how Christian scribes went about their work.  As it turns out the situation is quite different than the Jewish scribes who preserved the Hebrew Bible.  Then we’ll follow the exciting career of Bible hunter Constantine Tischendorf as he brought to light two huge discoveries.  Lastly, we’ll take a brief survey of the five most famous uncial New Testament manuscripts: Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus,  Vaticanus, Ephraemi Rescriptus, and Bezae. —— Books —— Constantine Tischendorf: The Life and Work of a 19th Century Bible Hunter by Stanley E. Porter An Introduction to the New Testament Manuscripts and their Texts by D. C. Parker The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration by Bruce M. Metzger and Bart D. Ehrman The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts by Philip Wesley Comfort and David P. Barrett (2 volumes) Encountering the Manuscripts by Philip Comfort —— Links —— Check out all the lectures in How We Got the Bible See what other classes are available here or on the Restitutio Classes podcast (subscribe in Apple, Spotify, RSS feed) If you’d like to support Restitutio, you can donate here. Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library

Today we are shifting gears from the Old Testament to the New Testament, from Hebrew manuscripts to Greek ones.  We’ll begin with the earliest evidence for the Greek New Testament, the papyri.  Made from the papyrus plant, approximately 130 of these manuscripts survive today in museums around the world.  In this lecture you’ll learn the important role collectors like Chester Beatty and Martin Bodmer played as well as the earth-shattering discovery made by archeologists Bernard Grenfell and Arthur Hunt at Oxyrhynchus Egypt. —— Books —— The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration by Bruce M. Metzger and Bart D. Ehrman Christian Oxyrhynchus: Texts, Documents, and Sources by Lincoln H. Blumell and Thomas A. Wayment The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts by Philip Wesley Comfort and David P. Barrett (2 volumes) Encountering the Manuscripts by Philip Comfort —— Links —— Check out all the lectures in How We Got the Bible See what other classes are available here or on the Restitutio Classes podcast (subscribe in Apple, Spotify, RSS feed) If you’d like to support Restitutio, you can donate here. Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library

Today we are going to take a brief break from manuscripts and dip our toes into the pool of Bible translations.  Specifically, we’ll take a look at six of the most prominent Jewish translations of the Hebrew Bible, including: Jewish Publication Society (1917) Koren Jerusalem Bible (1961) New Jewish Publication Society (1985) Artscroll’s Stone Tanach (1996) Schocken Bible of Everett Fox (1995, 2014) Robert Alter’s translation (2018) For each of these versions we’ll get a brief sense of the translation style from the preface and then we’ll compare four texts from each: Genesis 1.1-3; Psalm 23.1-2; Isaiah 9.6; and Micah 7.20. —— Books —— Jewish Publication Society Bible (1917) New Jewish Publication Society Bible (1985) Koren Jerusalem Bible Artscroll Stone Tanach Everett Fox‘s Schocken Bible Robert Alter’s three volume Bible with commentary The Song of Songs by Ariel and Chana Bloch (translation and commentary) —— Links —— Check out all the lectures in How We Got the Bible See what other classes are available here or on the Restitutio Classes podcast (subscribe in Apple, Spotify, RSS feed) If you’d like to support Restitutio, you can donate here. Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library

For our Hebrew Bibles we have three main groups of manuscripts to compare: the Masoretic Text group, the Samaritan Pentateuch group, and the Septuagint group.  Each of these groups contain many manuscripts with the Masoretic Text group containing the most.  In this episode of How We Got the Bible, we’re going to look at the history of how textual scholars have and continue to pour over all of this information and determine the best reading when they encounter differences in the texts. —— Books —— Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia ed. by Karl Elliger and Wilhelm Rudolph Biblia Hebraica Quinta series (available as individual volumes) Proverbs: An Eclectic Edition with Introduction and Textual Commentary by Michael V. Fox Old Testament Textual Criticism by Ellis Brotzman and Eric Tully Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible by Emmanuel Tov —— Links —— Check out all the lectures in How We Got the Bible visit The Hebrew Bible: A Critical Edition site See what other classes are available here or on the Restitutio Classes podcast (subscribe in Apple, Spotify, RSS feed) If you’d like to support Restitutio, you can donate here. Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library

In How We Got the Bible, we’re continuing on in our quest to understand the sources for the Hebrew Bible.  We’ve already covered the Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls, but we have one last important Hebrew source to look at before surveying several significant ancient translations.  As it turns out the Samaritans have their own Hebrew version of the Torah, commonly called the Samaritan Pentateuch.  In this episode you’ll learn about the Samaritan Pentateuch and why scholars take it more seriously today than they did in previous centuries.  We’ll also consider very important ancient translations of the Tanakh, in Greek, Aramaic, Syriac, and Latin. —— Books —— The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah by Benyamin Tsedaka and Sharon Sullivan A New English Translation of the Septuagint by Albert Pietersma and Benjamin G. Wright The Septuagint with Apocrypha by Lancelot C. L. Brenton The Targums: A Critical Introduction by Paul V. M. Flesher and Bruce Chilton The Aramaic Bible Volume 1A: Targum Neofiti: Genesis by Martin McNamara The Aramaic Bible Volume 2: Targum Neofiti and Targum Psuedo-Jonathan: Exodus by Martin McNamara Old Testament Textual Criticism by Ellis Brotzman and Eric Tully —— Links —— Check out all the lectures in How We Got the Bible See what other classes are available here or on the Restitutio Classes podcast (subscribe in Apple, Spotify, RSS feed) If you’d like to support Restitutio, you can donate here. Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library

Last time we looked at the Hebrew manuscripts known as the Masoretic Texts from the middle ages.  Today, we’ll focus on the earliest Hebrew manuscripts ever found, including those at the Cairo Genizah, the Ein-Gedi Scroll, the Nash Papyrus, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Ketef Hinnom Silver Scroll.  This is going to be very helpful for future lectures when we cover the process of figuring out which readings are best when manuscripts differ from one another. —— Books —— Old Testament Textual Criticism by Ellis Brotzman and Eric Tully Sacred Trash: The Lost and Found World of the Cairo Genizah by Adina Hoffman and Peter Cole The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible by Martin Abegg Jr., Peter Flint, and Eugene Ulrich The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation by Michael Wise and Martin Abegg Jr. The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English by Geza Vermes —— Links —— Check out all the lectures in How We Got the Bible Frieberg Genizah Project digitizing Cairo genizah manuscripts (see also the free app) See what other classes are available here or on the Restitutio Classes podcast (subscribe in Apple, Spotify, RSS feed) If you’d like to support Restitutio, you can donate here. Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library

Today we are beginning a major new class on how we get our English Bibles. I’m so excited about sharing with you so much about what I’ve learned in doing the research for this project. We’re going to have a great time together. My goal here is to cover the transmission of manuscripts and translation process so you understand where Bibles come from. In fact, I was thinking of calling this class, “Where Bibles Come From,” but when I searched for that phrase the search engine in its infinite wisdom had auto corrected it to “Where do babies come from,” which needless to say wasn’t the target audience for this material. Today marks part one of this class, How We Got the Bible, and our focus will be on the manuscripts that underlie the Masoretic Text. You’ll learn about the Aleppo Codex: probably the most accurate Masoretic Text on the planet. We’ll cover the Leningrad Codex which to this day dominates textual studies since it is the oldest complete Hebrew Bible. We’ll look at a handful of other important manuscripts in an effort to begin understanding where our Bibles come from. Introduction to How We Got the Bible 1: The Masoretic Text —— Books —— Old Testament Textual Criticism by Ellis Brotzman and Eric Tully The Aleppo Codex by Matti Friedman —— Links —— Check out all the lectures in How We Got the Bible See what other classes are available here or on the Restitutio Classes podcast (subscribe in Apple, Spotify, RSS feed) If you’d like to support Restitutio, you can donate here. Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library    

This is the fifth and final part of our parenting class.  Today you’ll learn about striking the balance between oversight and independence.  Although many parents today think their children are at risk of kidnapping and other terrible crimes, our society is actually much safer than it has been in decades.  The tendency to protect our children at all times has resulted in a culture of “safteyism” that leads to ill-preparedness when children grow up and move out of the house.  On the opposite side chronic neglect or toxic stressors result in adults who are likewise unable to cope with and overcome the complexities of adult life. Download [5.21 MB] In this episode we’ll take a close look at David to see what evergreen lessons we can learn about parenting our own children today.  In the end, we want to do our best to prepare our children for the road ahead so that they can be their best for God and others. —— Links —— Watch a panel discussion between the teachers of this class: Mary Ann Yaconis, Sean & Ruth Finnegan, and Russell & Joelle Brown. If you prefer, you can watch the unedited videos here See other episodes in this parenting series Check out Greg Lukianoff & Jonathan Haidt’s excellent book The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure See what other classes are available here or on the Restitutio Classes podcast (subscribe in Apple, Spotify, RSS feed) If you’d like to support Restitutio, you can donate here. Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library

In part 4 of our parenting class, Ruth Finnegan tackles the issue of screen time for children.  Although technology itself is neutral, much of what our children spend their time doing with screens is self-destructive and worldly.  As parents our responsibility is to bring God and his scriptures into the family and curtail exposure to worldly entertainment.  Doing so may help prevent adolescent anxiety and depression. —— Links —— For more Ruth Finnegan, check out this episode on consumerism If you prefer, you can watch the unedited videos here See other episodes in this parenting series Check out Greg Lukianoff & Jonathan Haidt’s excellent book The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure See what other classes are available here or on the Restitutio Classes podcast (subscribe in Apple, Spotify, RSS feed) If you’d like to support Restitutio, you can donate here. Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library  

Welcome to part three of our parenting class where Dr. Mary Ann Yaconis will help us deal with episodes of anger both within ourselves and our children.  This is such an important issue because childhood anger can lead to serious characterological disorders in adulthood if not dealt with appropriately.  In this episode you’ll learn about what’s underneath anger, what prevents anger, and what provokes anger.  The goal here is to learn how to relate to our children in a godly way that incorporates both age-appropriate discipline and unconditional love. Download [3.89 MB] Mary Ann Yaconis has served Living Hope Community Church for more than a dozen years in the areas of counseling and hospitality.  She is a licensed Mental Health Counselor with her doctorate degree in pastoral counseling from Loyola University Maryland.  She maintains a full-time counseling practice ,helping scores of people over the years to work through troubling issues. —— Links —— Handout 1: Manipulation Test Handout 2: Manipulation Behavior Handout 3: God Centered Home Article (Mary Ann Yaconis) Handout 4: Proverbs about Parenting Listen to Victor Gluckin on “I’m Angry,” taught at Revive 2020.  (Note this is not on the podcast (yet).  It’s an mp3 file.) Also check out The Insidious Danger of Self-Righteousness (Sean Finnegan) Dr. Mary Ann Yaconis’ class on parenting is available here If you prefer, you can watch the unedited video here See other episodes in this parenting series Check out Greg Lukianoff & Jonathan Haidt’s excellent book The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure See what other classes are available here or on the Restitutio Classes podcast (subscribe in Apple, Spotify, RSS feed) If you’d like to support Restitutio, you can donate here. Intro music: Good Vibes by MBB Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) Free Download / Stream: Music promoted by Audio Library