John Priscu, a microbiologist at Montana State University and expert in extreme life forms, shares thrilling insights about the hidden ecosystems beneath Antarctic ice. He discusses the unique subglacial lakes, like Lake Willans, revealing diverse microbial life that thrives without sunlight. The conversation also links these discoveries to the hunt for extraterrestrial life on moons like Europa, emphasizing the innovative technologies being developed for exploration. Climate change's impact on these fragile ecosystems adds a pressing urgency to the research.

Explore the fascinating world of genetic libraries, crucial for developing vaccines and enhancing crops. Dive into the ethical dilemmas of biopiracy, where wealthier nations benefit from the biodiversity of poorer countries. Discover how digital platforms have revolutionized genetic sequencing, making vital information more accessible. Hear about the push for equitable benefit-sharing agreements and the ongoing debates surrounding accountability in the realm of genetic resources. This journey into science illuminates both opportunities and challenges in our interconnected world.

Oshan Jarow, a staff writer at Vox’s Future Perfect, dives deep into the intriguing debate surrounding AI and consciousness. He discusses why some scientists believe AI might soon achieve awareness, while others argue it’s impossible. The conversation explores ethical dilemmas of AI potentially feeling pain and parallels between AI and animal welfare. Jarow raises crucial questions about how we measure consciousness and the implications of developing machines that could genuinely experience emotions.

Anahad O’Connor, a seasoned health columnist at the Washington Post, joins researcher Saul Justin Newman from the Oxford Institute for Population Aging. They explore the impact of various diets on health and longevity, dissecting the myths versus realities of popular diets like keto and veganism. The conversation highlights the intriguing concept of Blue Zones, renowned for their high life expectancy, while revealing the complexities and inconsistencies in diet research. Listeners are left pondering how dietary wisdom shapes our quests for longevity.

Dive into captivating mysteries that challenge our understanding of identity and relationships with a deep look at microchimerism. Explore the urgent organ shortage crisis and innovative solutions like genetically modified pig organs. Discover the ethical dilemmas around transplanting these organs and the emotional intricacies faced by families. The discussion also ventures into the challenges of long-term space exploration, revealing what astronauts truly endure as humanity pushes the boundaries of the unknown.

Dogs were the first domesticated animal in history, emerging from wolves some 20,000 years ago. But how did wolves become dogs? To find the answer, scientists have to play with a lot of puppies. (First published in 2023.)Guest: Kathryn Lord, evolutionary biology researcher at UMass Chan Medical SchoolFor show transcripts, go to vox.com/unxtranscriptsFor more, go to vox.com/unexplainableAnd please email us! unexplainable@vox.comWe read every email.Support Unexplainable by becoming a Vox Member today: vox.com/members Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Neanderthals and early modern humans had quite the complicated relationship, with intriguing genetic links discovered. Fossil finds, like a baby tooth, reveal moments of coexistence between these groups. The podcast takes a journey through archaeological challenges, highlighting key sites that shed light on human evolution. Campfire soot offers clues to ancient lives, while the study of Neanderthal remains brings forth new scientific techniques revealing their mysteries. It's a captivating exploration of our prehistoric past!

Lab rats face unexpected challenges, revealing that they might not be the best choice for scientific research. Discover innovative alternatives like organ-on-a-chip technology and organoids that could revolutionize drug testing. The conversation dives into ethical dilemmas and shifting paradigms in the quest for more humane options. Learn how recent legislative changes impact animal testing in drug trials, while the essential role of animal research in neuroscience remains crucial for understanding memory and disease mechanisms.

Dive into the fascinating world of handedness, where the mystery of why people are lefties or righties unfolds. Explore the complexities of spatial awareness and molecular chirality, illuminating the significance of left and right in nature. Discover groundbreaking research connecting handedness to the origins of life on Earth. Enjoy playful discussions, personal anecdotes, and the genetics behind our preferences. Plus, engage with fun songs and audience interactions that bring the science to life!

Brian Resnick, a former editor at Vox, delves into the surprising effectiveness of placebos, even when patients know they're receiving sugar pills. He discusses how this challenges traditional medical views, sparking debates on ethical implications. The conversation highlights open-label placebos, revealing that transparency can enhance healing. Resnick also explores the role of patient-doctor trust and the power of expectations in health outcomes. With a mix of humor and insight, they question if placebos should become a staple in modern medicine.