

In the Bubble with Andy Slavitt
Lemonada Media
In the Bubble is the go to place to learn more about the most important news events on YOUR mind. We take the time that’s needed to go beyond the headlines with A list guests from Andy's bubble. From Tina Fay to Tony Fauci. From the next vaccine to the next election issue. To an occasional dad joke. It’s Actual Facts from Actual Experts, every Wednesday from Lemonada Media.
Episodes
Mentioned books

May 12, 2021 • 38min
Take Me Out to the Socially-Distanced Ballgame (with Larry Baer)
Dr. Bob calls up San Francisco Giants President and CEO Larry Baer to talk about what it’s taken to get people back in the stadium for the first time since 2019. They discuss what fans have to do to see a game, how the organization decided on those criteria, and what the reaction has been so far. Plus, what the Giants are doing to encourage people to get vaccinated. Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter @Bob_Wachter and check out In the Bubble’s Twitter account @inthebubblepod. Keep up with Andy in D.C. on Twitter @ASlavitt and Instagram @andyslavitt. In the Bubble is supported in part by listeners like you. Become a member, get exclusive bonus content, ask questions, and get discounted merch at https://www.lemonadamedia.com/inthebubble/. Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NEJFhcReE4ejw2Kw7ba8DVJ1xQLogPwA/view Check out these resources from today’s episode: Here’s more about the 2021 MLB season and how COVID-19 is affecting it: https://www.mlb.com/news/what-you-need-to-know-about-mlb-in-2021 Check out this article about how the MLB is encouraging players to get vaccinated: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/12/sports/baseball/mlb-coronavirus-vaccine.html Learn more about the Giants’ FanSafe at Oracle Park program: https://www.mlb.com/giants/fans/safety Read more about the therapy bunny who took in a game at Oracle Park last month: https://abc7news.com/sports/therapy-bunny-in-oracle-park-stands-a-hit-with-san-francisco-giants-fans/10539344/ Here’s more about how San Francisco celebrated Willie Mays’s 90th birthday: https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2021/05/08/willie-mays-90th-birthday-san-francisco-giants-celebration/ Learn more about Dr. Bob Wachter and the UCSF Department of Medicine here: https://medicine.ucsf.edu/ To follow along with a transcript and/or take notes for friends and family, go to www.lemonadamedia.com/show/in-the-bubble shortly after the air date. Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

May 10, 2021 • 54min
Toolkit: Getting Back to “Normal”
The good news: things are starting to open back up. The bad news: it’s going to feel weird. Dr. Bob is joined by Lucy McBride and Craig Spencer for this toolkit all about how to navigate the "new normal." From taking off your mask in public to dealing with anxiety to navigating post-vaccine life with unvaccinated kids... this toolkit’s got something for everyone. Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter @Bob_Wachter and check out In the Bubble’s new Twitter account @inthebubblepod. Follow Craig Spencer @Craig_A_Spencer and Lucy McBride @drlucymcbride on Twitter. Keep up with Andy in D.C. on Twitter @ASlavitt and Instagram @andyslavitt. In the Bubble is supported in part by listeners like you. Become a member, get exclusive bonus content, ask questions, and get discounted merch at https://www.lemonadamedia.com/inthebubble/ Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NEJFhcReE4ejw2Kw7ba8DVJ1xQLogPwA/view Check out these resources from today’s episode: Here are the CDC’s latest guidelines for fully-vaccinated people: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated.html Read all of Craig’s Medium pieces, including the one about how things are about to get really weird: https://craig-a-spencer.medium.com/ Check out Lucy’s opinion piece in The Washington Post about feeling anxiety over the end of the pandemic: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/03/09/weve-adjusted-pandemic-life-now-we-face-anxiety-leaving-it-behind/ Here’s Lucy’s CNN opinion piece about taking her mask off with vaccinated patients: https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/30/opinions/secret-weapon-ending-pandemic-mcbride/index.html Read the collection of essays about emerging from the pandemic that Craig mentions in the episode: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/29/style/re-enter-society-after-covid.html Check out this Irish Times article on the University of Canterbury study about outdoor transmission that Lucy mentions: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/outdoor-transmission-accounts-for-0-1-of-state-s-covid-19-cases-1.4529036 Learn more about Dr. Bob Wachter and the UCSF Department of Medicine here: https://medicine.ucsf.edu/ To follow along with a transcript and/or take notes for friends and family, go to www.lemonadamedia.com/show/in-the-bubble shortly after the air date. Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

May 5, 2021 • 39min
A Sobering Reality in India (with Vidya Krishnan)
Dr. Bob talks with journalist Vidya Krishnan about India’s devastating COVID surge. As India’s health system collapses, Vidya says this global health crisis has been exacerbated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and, as she calls it, the “moral malnutrition of the rich.” Plus, the lessons she wants the US to take from this unfolding tragedy. Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter @Bob_Wachter and check out In the Bubble’s Twitter account @inthebubblepod. Vidya Krishnan is on Twitter @VidyaKrishnan. Keep up with Andy in D.C. on Twitter @ASlavitt and Instagram @andyslavitt. In the Bubble is supported in part by listeners like you. Become a member, get exclusive bonus content, ask questions, and get discounted merch at https://www.lemonadamedia.com/inthebubble/. Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NEJFhcReE4ejw2Kw7ba8DVJ1xQLogPwA/view Check out these resources from today’s episode: Check out Vidya’s article for Caravan Magazine that she mentions in today’s episode: https://caravanmagazine.in/health/india-covid-19-taskforce-did-not-meet-february-march-despite-surge-say-members Read Arundhati Roy’s piece on India’s COVID catastrophe in The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/28/crime-against-humanity-arundhati-roy-india-covid-catastrophe Here is Vidya’s article for The Atlantic, “India Is What Happens When Rich People Do Nothing:” https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2021/04/india-covid19-moral-failure/618702/ Here’s the John Barry opinion piece that Bob mentions in today’s episode: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/opinion/coronavirus-shutdown.html Learn what you can do to help the situation in India: https://www.nytimes.com/article/india-covid-how-to-help.html Keep track of India’s COVID cases: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/world/asia/india-coronavirus-cases.html Learn more about Dr. Bob Wachter and the UCSF Department of Medicine here: https://medicine.ucsf.edu/ To follow along with a transcript and/or take notes for friends and family, go to www.lemonadamedia.com/show/in-the-bubble shortly after the air date. Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

May 3, 2021 • 51min
Trust the Vaccine
Dr. Bob has two conversations about the work being done to get vaccines to Latino and Black communities. First, Jon Jacobo and Diane Havlir talk about the Latino Task Force, which is testing and vaccinating people in San Francisco’s Mission District. Then, Rhea Boyd breaks down the things that are preventing a lot of Black people from getting vaccinated. Spoiler alert: It’s not about attitudes. It’s about access. This episode of the In the Bubble is brought to you in part by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative: working to build a healthier, more just and inclusive future for everyone. Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter @Bob_Wachter and check out In the Bubble’s new Twitter account @inthebubblepod. Find our guests on Twitter @Jon_Jacobo, @DHavlir, and @RheaBoydMD. Keep up with Andy in D.C. on Twitter @ASlavitt and Instagram @andyslavitt. In the Bubble is supported in part by listeners like you. Become a member, get exclusive bonus content, ask questions, and get discounted merch at https://www.lemonadamedia.com/inthebubble/ Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NEJFhcReE4ejw2Kw7ba8DVJ1xQLogPwA/view Check out these resources from today’s episode: Learn more about the Latino Task Force here: https://www.ltfrespuestalatina.com Check out The Conversation, a campaign to get facts about the COVID-19 vaccines to Black communities, co-developed by Rhea: www.betweenusaboutus.org Find out more about COVID vaccine in hesitancy in America here: https://khn.org/news/article/covid-vaccine-hesitancy-drops-among-americans-new-kff-survey-shows/ Read the Washington Post opinion piece by Drs. Uché and Oni Blackstock that Rhea mentioned: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/black-americans-should-face-lower-age-cutoffs-to-qualify-for-a-vaccine/2021/02/19/3029d5de-72ec-11eb-b8a9-b9467510f0fe_story.html Here’s the working paper on race-based COVID mortality that Rhea talked about in today’s episode: https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1266/2021/02/21_Chen_covidMortality_Race_Education_HCPDS_WorkingPaper_Vol-21_No-3_Final_footer.pdf Here’s where you can find Jonathan Metzl’s book Dying of Whiteness: https://www.dyingofwhiteness.com/ Learn more about Dr. Bob Wachter and the UCSF Department of Medicine here: https://medicine.ucsf.edu/ To follow along with a transcript and/or take notes for friends and family, go to www.lemonadamedia.com/show/in-the-bubble shortly after the air date. Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Apr 28, 2021 • 48min
Alexa, Do I Have COVID? (with John Halamka)
Dr. Bob talks with John Halamka, President of Mayo Clinic Platform, about how COVID has forced medicine to embrace technology at a blistering pace. They discuss what changed, what will stick around post-COVID, and why a computer will never be able to fully replace your doctor. But, are we close to having Alexa diagnose your illnesses? Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter @Bob_Wachter and check out In the Bubble’s Twitter account @inthebubblepod. John Halamka is on Twitter @jhalamka. Keep up with Andy in D.C. on Twitter @ASlavitt and Instagram @andyslavitt. In the Bubble is supported in part by listeners like you. Become a member, get exclusive bonus content, ask questions, and get discounted merch at https://www.lemonadamedia.com/inthebubble/. Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NEJFhcReE4ejw2Kw7ba8DVJ1xQLogPwA/view Check out these resources from today’s episode: Read Bob’s Washington Post op-ed about why it’s a dangerous time to be unvaccinated: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/19/this-is-most-dangerous-moment-be-unvaccinated/ Keep up with the latest news from Mayo Clinic: https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/ Learn more about the COVID-19 Healthcare Coalition: https://c19hcc.org/ Read up on the legacy of Henrietta Lacks: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/henriettalacks/ Order Bob’s book, The Digital Doctor: Hope, Hype, And Harm At The Dawn Of Medicine’s Computer Age: https://www.mhprofessional.com/9781260019605-usa-the-digital-doctor-hope-hype-and-harm-at-the-dawn-of-medicines-computer-age-group Learn more about Dr. Bob Wachter and the UCSF Department of Medicine here: https://medicine.ucsf.edu/ To follow along with a transcript and/or take notes for friends and family, go to www.lemonadamedia.com/show/in-the-bubble shortly after the air date. Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Apr 26, 2021 • 39min
Vaccinate the World, End the Pandemic (with Nicole Lurie)
Dr. Bob calls up Nicole Lurie from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations to talk about the state of COVID-19 vaccinations around the globe. They cover COVAX, vaccine nationalism, how vaccine hesitancy is playing out in different countries, and the biggest barriers to vaccinating the world. Plus, the lessons she’s taking away from COVID for the next global health crisis. Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter @Bob_Wachter and check out In the Bubble’s new Twitter account @inthebubblepod. Keep up with Andy in D.C. on Twitter @ASlavitt and Instagram @andyslavitt. In the Bubble is supported in part by listeners like you. Become a member, get exclusive bonus content, ask questions, and get discounted merch at https://www.lemonadamedia.com/inthebubble/ Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NEJFhcReE4ejw2Kw7ba8DVJ1xQLogPwA/view Check out these resources from today’s episode: Learn more about COVAX: https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/covax-explained Read up on the rapidly escalating Covid situation in India: https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2021/04/22/989768074/how-india-went-from-a-ray-of-hope-to-a-world-record-for-most-covid-cases-in-a-da This article, featuring Nicole, makes the case for donating US Covid vaccines overseas: https://khn.org/news/article/the-case-for-donating-us-covid-vaccines-overseas/ Check out Heidi Larson’s book about vaccine hesitancy, Stuck, that Nicole mentions in today’s episode: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/stuck-9780190077242 Keep track of global vaccination rates: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/world/covid-vaccinations-tracker.html Learn more about Dr. Bob Wachter and the UCSF Department of Medicine here: https://medicine.ucsf.edu/ To follow along with a transcript and/or take notes for friends and family, go to www.lemonadamedia.com/show/in-the-bubble shortly after the air date. Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Apr 21, 2021 • 48min
Don’t Freak Out About the J&J Vaccine (with John Moore)
Dr. Bob calls up Weill Cornell immunologist John Moore to figure out what you need to know about the pause on the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. They discuss why this extremely rare side effect is showing up in J&J and AstraZeneca but not Moderna or Pfizer, how people who have received the J&J vaccine should be thinking about it, and how they think this will get resolved. Plus, John’s thoughts on how the vaccines will hold up against the various variants circulating right now. Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter @Bob_Wachter and check out In the Bubble’s Twitter account @inthebubblepod. Keep up with Andy in D.C. on Twitter @ASlavitt and Instagram @andyslavitt. In the Bubble is supported in part by listeners like you. Become a member, get exclusive bonus content, ask questions, and get discounted merch at https://www.lemonadamedia.com/inthebubble/. Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NEJFhcReE4ejw2Kw7ba8DVJ1xQLogPwA/view Check out these resources from today’s episode: Watch Dr. Fauci’s appearance on Meet the Press talking about the pause of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine: https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/video/full-fauci-interview-we-have-to-be-careful-on-vaccines-like-johnson-johnson-110407237630 Read the joint CDC and FDA statement in which the agencies recommend pausing use of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine: https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s0413-JJ-vaccine.html Here’s the latest on how the EU is handling the Johnson & Johnson vaccine: https://apnews.com/article/johnson-johnson-european-union-regulator-874bf0fb5374695d924d647e57c67192 Check out this article that outlines the differences between the J&J vaccine and the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/28/us/jj-vaccine-pfizer-moderna-differences.html Watch this virtual conversation with John about the science behind the COVID-19 vaccines: https://www.swiny.org/2021/01/jan-21-understanding-the-science-of-covid-19-vaccines-a-virtual-conversation-with-dr-john-moore/ Learn more about Dr. Bob Wachter and the UCSF Department of Medicine here: https://medicine.ucsf.edu/ To follow along with a transcript and/or take notes for friends and family, go to www.lemonadamedia.com/show/in-the-bubble shortly after the air date. Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Apr 19, 2021 • 52min
Toolkit: Safe or Not Safe? (Summer Edition)
Is it safe to go on vacation this summer? Can I send my kids to camp? Should I invite unvaccinated family members to my summer wedding? Drs. Caitlin Rivers and Farzad Mostashari join Dr. Bob to answer all this and more on this special, summer edition of Safe or Not Safe. Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter @Bob_Wachter and check out In the Bubble’s new Twitter account @inthebubblepod. Follow Caitlin Rivers @cmyeaton and Farzad Mostashari @Farzad_MD on Twitter. Keep up with Andy in D.C. on Twitter @ASlavitt and Instagram @andyslavitt. In the Bubble is supported in part by listeners like you. Become a member, get exclusive bonus content, ask questions, and get discounted merch at https://www.lemonadamedia.com/inthebubble/ Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NEJFhcReE4ejw2Kw7ba8DVJ1xQLogPwA/view Check out these resources from today’s episode: Learn more about the CDC and FDA’s decision to pause the use of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/joint-cdc-and-fda-statement-johnson-johnson-covid-19-vaccine Watch Mike Osterholm’s Meet the Press interview Bob mentions in today’s episode: https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/video/full-osterholm-interview-covid-variant-is-a-brand-new-ballgame-109642309532 Check out the CDC’s current guidelines for fully vaccinated people: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/fully-vaccinated-guidance.html This article answers frequently asked questions about COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/wondering-about-covid-19-vaccines-if-youre-pregnant-or-breastfeeding-2021010721722 Learn more about Dr. Bob Wachter and the UCSF Department of Medicine here: https://medicine.ucsf.edu/ To follow along with a transcript and/or take notes for friends and family, go to www.lemonadamedia.com/show/in-the-bubble shortly after the air date. Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Apr 14, 2021 • 44min
How Pandemics End (with John Barry and Jeffrey Kluger)
Dr. Bob calls up author John Barry and TIME Magazine’s Jeffrey Kluger to talk about what the 1918 flu pandemic and the American polio epidemic can illuminate about COVID-19. In addition to the historical similarities and differences, they discuss what “the end” looked like and what, if anything, that means for us today. Plus, find out which of the three men was a Polio Pioneer! And get Dr. Bob’s take on the joint CDC and FDA decision to pause use of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter @Bob_Wachter and check out In the Bubble’s Twitter account @inthebubblepod. Find Jeffrey Kluger @jeffreykluger and John Barry @johnmbarry on Twitter. Keep up with Andy in D.C. on Twitter @ASlavitt and Instagram @andyslavitt. In the Bubble is supported in part by listeners like you. Become a member, get exclusive bonus content, ask questions, and get discounted merch at https://www.lemonadamedia.com/inthebubble/. Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NEJFhcReE4ejw2Kw7ba8DVJ1xQLogPwA/view Check out these resources from today’s episode: Read the joint CDC and FDA statement in which the agencies recommend pausing use of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine: https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s0413-JJ-vaccine.html Watch the news clip from April 12, 1955 about Jonas Salk’s polio vaccine: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LlDn_MQDkc Check out John’s book, The Great Influenza, here: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/288950/the-great-influenza-by-john-m-barry/ Here’s where you can learn more about Jeff’s book, Splendid Solution: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/291641/splendid-solution-by-jeffrey-kluger/ Learn more about Dr. Bob Wachter and the UCSF Department of Medicine here: https://medicine.ucsf.edu/ To follow along with a transcript and/or take notes for friends and family, go to www.lemonadamedia.com/show/in-the-bubble shortly after the air date. Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Apr 12, 2021 • 38min
What You Need to Know About the Fourth Wave (with Natalie Dean)
Dr. Bob calls up University of Florida biostatistician Natalie Dean to ask whether or not we've hit the fourth wave. They discuss where cases are surging, why it's regional as opposed to national, and what role the vaccines will play in keeping this wave smaller than the previous three. Plus, how she's using Legos to help the masses better understand vaccine efficacy. Follow Dr. Bob on Twitter @Bob_Wachter and check out In the Bubble’s new Twitter account @inthebubblepod. Follow Natalie Dean on Twitter @nataliexdean. Keep up with Andy in D.C. on Twitter @ASlavitt and Instagram @andyslavitt. In the Bubble is supported in part by listeners like you. Become a member, get exclusive bonus content, ask questions, and get discounted merch at https://www.lemonadamedia.com/inthebubble/ Support the show by checking out our sponsors! Click this link for a list of current sponsors and discount codes for this show and all Lemonada shows: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NEJFhcReE4ejw2Kw7ba8DVJ1xQLogPwA/view Check out these resources from today’s episode: Check out this Washington Post article debating whether or not we’re entering a fourth wave: https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/04/04/covid-fourth-wave/ Learn more about the COVID-19 situation in Michigan, and what it means for a fourth wave: https://slate.com/technology/2021/04/covid-michigan-infection-surge-fourth-wave.html Don’t miss Natalie’s tweet explaining vaccine efficacy with Legos: https://twitter.com/nataliexdean/status/1360701856616493060 Read more about herd immunity, and why it’s so difficult to achieve: https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/30/health/herd-immunity-covid-shifts/index.html Keep up the vaccine rollout in the United States: https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations Learn more about Dr. Bob Wachter and the UCSF Department of Medicine here: https://medicine.ucsf.edu/ To follow along with a transcript and/or take notes for friends and family, go to www.lemonadamedia.com/show/in-the-bubble shortly after the air date. Stay up to date with us on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at @LemonadaMedia. For additional resources, information, and a transcript of the episode, visit lemonadamedia.com.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.